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Immobilization results in a substantial bone loss and increased fracture risk. Powerful bone anabolic therapies are necessary to counteract the bone loss and reduce fracture risk during periods with immobilization. Intermittent parathyroid hormone 1-34 (PTH) (teriparatide) and PTH related peptide analog abaloparatide (ABL) are potent bone anabolic therapies acting through the same receptor, but induce different durations of signaling response. We investigated the efficacy of PTH or ABL in preventing immobilization-induced bone loss in rats in a direct mole-to-mole comparison. Immobilization was achieved by injecting botulinum toxin type A (BTX) into the right hindlimb musculature. Sixty 14-week-old female Wistar rats were allocated to the following groups: Baseline, Control, BTX, BTX + PTH (80 μg/kg/day), and BTX + ABL (77 μg/kg/day). Immobilization resulted in a substantial and significant reduction in bone mineral density (aBMD), metaphyseal and epiphyseal trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), metaphyseal trabecular number (Tb.N), and femoral neck bone strength. Both PTH and ABL prevented the immobilization-induced decrease in aBMD, metaphyseal and epiphyseal Tb.Th, and metaphyseal Tb.N. In addition, PTH rescued the reduction in metaphyseal BV/TV and femoral neck strength, while ABL did not. However, the effect of PTH and ABL did not differ significantly for serum calcium, aBMD, metaphyseal, and epiphyseal BV/TV, Tb.Th, or Tb.N. In conclusion, in a mole-to-mole comparison the efficacy of PTH and ABL is similar in counteracting immobilization-induced reduction in bone mineral density, deterioration in trabecular microarchitecture, and decrease in bone strength.
Pubmed ID: 33162940 RIS Download
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Software application that carries out single-point and multipoint analyses of pedigree data, including IBD and kinship calculations, nonparametric and variance component linkage analyses, error detection and information content mapping. For multipoint analyses in dense maps, Merlin allows the user to impose constraints on the number of recombinants between consecutive markers. Merlin estimates haplotypes by finding the most likely path of gene flow or by sampling paths of gene flow at all markers jointly. It can also list all possible nonrecombinant haplotypes within short regions. Finally, Merlin provides swap-file support for handling very large numbers of markers as well as gene-dropping simulations for estimating empirical significance levels. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)
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THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on May 18, 2018; A software which provides unbiased stereological estimates of numbers, lengths, areas, and volumes present in images that were captured by microscopes or virtual slides. This software is intended to estimate structural information in a 3D format from 2D tissue sections.
There are other software tools at this company, but they have either changed names or are simply different software tools.
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