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Integrative genomic analysis of salivary duct carcinoma.

Scientific reports | 2020

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is one of the most aggressive subtypes of salivary gland cancers. Conventional chemotherapy and/or radiation have shown only limited clinical efficacy in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic SDC. Currently, clinically approved targeted-therapeutics are not generally applicable except in very limited cases, and there exists a strong need for the development of treatment against this unique tumor type. To further interrogate genomic features of SDC, we have conducted multi-omic profiling of the SDC to describe the genomic alterations prevalent in this disease. Whole-genome sequencing, whole exome-sequencing and transcriptome sequencing were performed on a discovery cohort of 10 SDC samples. Targeted genomic profiling was performed in additional 32 SDC samples to support the findings obtained from the original discovery cohort. The cancer cohort was characterized by an average mutation burden of 85 somatic exonic mutations per tumor sample. The cohort harbored a mutational signature of BRCA and APOBEC/AID. Several genes, including TP53, RB1, SMAD4, HRAS, APC, PIK3CA and GNAQ were recurrently somatically altered in SDC. A novel fusion gene, generated by genomic rearrangement, MYB-NHSL1, was also noted. Our findings represent a significant layer in the systematic understanding of potentially clinically useful genomic and molecular targets for a subset of recurrent/metastatic SDC.

Pubmed ID: 32929114 RIS Download

Associated grants

None

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


RCircos (tool)

RRID:SCR_003310

Software package that provides a simple and flexible way to generate Circos 2D track plot images for genomic data visualization. The types of plots include: heatmap, histogram, lines, scatterplot, tiles and plot items for further decorations include connector, link (lines and ribbons), and text (gene) label. All functions require only R graphics package that comes with R base installation.

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DELLY (tool)

RRID:SCR_004603

Integrated structural variant prediction software that can detect deletions, tandem duplications, inversions and translocations at single-nucleotide resolution in short-read massively parallel sequencing data. It uses paired-ends and split-reads to sensitively and accurately delineate genomic rearrangements throughout genome.

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Oncotator (tool)

RRID:SCR_005183

A tool for annotating human genomic point mutations and indels with data relevant to cancer researchers. Genomic Annotations, Protein Annotations, and Cancer Annotations are aggregated from many resources. A standalone version of Oncotator is being developed.

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ABSOLUTE (tool)

RRID:SCR_005198

Software to estimate purity / ploidy, and from that compute absolute copy-number and mutation multiplicities. When DNA is extracted from an admixed population of cancer and normal cells, the information on absolute copy number per cancer cell is lost in the mixing. The purpose of ABSOLUTE is to re-extract these data from the mixed DNA population. This process begins by generation of segmented copy number data, which is input to the ABSOLUTE algorithm together with pre-computed models of recurrent cancer karyotypes and, optionally, allelic fraction values for somatic point mutations. The output of ABSOLUTE then provides re-extracted information on the absolute cellular copy number of local DNA segments and, for point mutations, the number of mutated alleles.

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g:Profiler (tool)

RRID:SCR_006809

Web server for functional enrichment analysis and conversions of gene lists. Web based tool for functional profiling of gene lists from large scale experiments. Has web interface with powerful visualization. Used for analyzing data from any organism.

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Thermo Fisher Scientific (tool)

RRID:SCR_008452

Commercial vendor and service provider of laboratory reagents and antibodies. Supplier of scientific instrumentation, reagents and consumables, and software services.

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QIAGEN (tool)

RRID:SCR_008539

A commercial organization which provides assay technologies to isolate DNA, RNA, and proteins from any biological sample. Assay technologies are then used to make specific target biomolecules, such as the DNA of a specific virus, visible for subsequent analysis.

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TopHat (tool)

RRID:SCR_013035

Software tool for fast and high throughput alignment of shotgun cDNA sequencing reads generated by transcriptomics technologies. Fast splice junction mapper for RNA-Seq reads. Aligns RNA-Seq reads to mammalian-sized genomes using ultra high-throughput short read aligner Bowtie, and then analyzes mapping results to identify splice junctions between exons.TopHat2 is accurate alignment of transcriptomes in presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions.

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Macrogen (tool)

RRID:SCR_014454

A company that provides a variety of next generation sequencing services. The company provides researchers with whole genome resequencing, exome sequencing, targeted sequencing, transcriptomics, and epigenome sequencing.

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BioAnalyzer 2100 (tool)

RRID:SCR_019715

2100 Bioanalyzer system is an established automated electrophoresis tool for the sample quality control of biomolecules. The 2100 Bioanalyzer instrument, together with the 2100 Expert Software and Bioanalyzer assays, provide highly precise analytical evaluation of various samples types in many workflows, including next generation sequencing (NGS), gene expression, biopharmaceutical, and gene editing research. Digital data is provided in a timely manner and delivers objective assessment of sizing, quantitation, integrity and purity from DNA, RNA, and proteins. Minimal sample volumes are required for an accurate result, and the data may be exported in a many different formats for ease-of-use.

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