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A single-cell view on alga-virus interactions reveals sequential transcriptional programs and infection states.

Science advances | 2020

The discovery of giant viruses infecting eukaryotes from diverse ecosystems has revolutionized our understanding of the evolution of viruses and their impact on protist biology, yet knowledge on their replication strategies and transcriptome regulation remains limited. Here, we profile single-cell transcriptomes of the globally distributed microalga Emiliania huxleyi and its specific giant virus during infection. We detected profound heterogeneity in viral transcript levels among individual cells. Clustering single cells based on viral expression profiles enabled reconstruction of the viral transcriptional trajectory. Reordering cells along this path unfolded highly resolved viral genetic programs composed of genes with distinct promoter elements that orchestrate sequential expression. Exploring host transcriptome dynamics across the viral infection states revealed rapid and selective shutdown of protein-encoding nuclear transcripts, while the plastid and mitochondrial transcriptomes persisted into later stages. Single-cell RNA-seq opens a new avenue to unravel the life cycle of giant viruses and their unique hijacking strategies.

Pubmed ID: 32490206 RIS Download

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


Galaxy (tool)

RRID:SCR_006281

Open, web-based platform providing bioinformatics tools and services for data intensive genomic research. Platform may be used as a service or installed locally to perform, reproduce, and share complete analyses. Galaxy automatically tracks and manages data provenance and provides support for capturing the context and intent of computational methods. Galaxy Community has created Galaxy instances in many different forms and for many different applications including Galaxy servers, cloud services that support Galaxy instances, and virtual machines and containers that can be easily deployed for your own server.The Galaxy team is a part of BX at Penn State, and the Biology and Mathematics and Computer Science departments at Emory University.Training Infrastructure as a Service (TIaaS) is a service offered by some UseGalaxy servers to specifically support training use cases.

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Thermo Fisher Scientific (tool)

RRID:SCR_008452

Commercial vendor and service provider of laboratory reagents and antibodies. Supplier of scientific instrumentation, reagents and consumables, and software services.

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KEGG (tool)

RRID:SCR_012773

Integrated database resource consisting of 16 main databases, broadly categorized into systems information, genomic information, and chemical information. In particular, gene catalogs in completely sequenced genomes are linked to higher-level systemic functions of cell, organism, and ecosystem. Analysis tools are also available. KEGG may be used as reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of large-scale datasets generated by sequencing and other high-throughput experimental technologies.

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BD Biosciences (tool)

RRID:SCR_013311

An Antibody supplier

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topGO (tool)

RRID:SCR_014798

Software package which provides tools for testing GO terms while accounting for the topology of the GO graph. Different test statistics and different methods for eliminating local similarities and dependencies between GO terms can be implemented and applied.

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Metacell (tool)

RRID:SCR_017013

Software package for single cell RNA-seq data analysis using k-NN graph partitions. Used to analyze group of scRNA profiles that are highly similar and provides features for deriving them. Can be used with large datasets.

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