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Unsupported Ni-Mo sulfides have been hydrothermally synthesized and purified by HCl leaching to remove Ni sulfides. Unblocking of active sites by leaching significantly increases the catalytic activity for dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization. The site-specific rates of both direct (hydrogenolytic) and hydrogenative desulfurization routes on these active sites that consist of coordinatively unsaturated Ni and sulfhydryl groups were identical for all unsupported sulfides. The hydrogenative desulfurization rates were more than an order of magnitude higher on unsupported Ni-Mo sulfides than on Al2O3-supported catalysts, while they were similar for the direct (hydrogenolytic) desulfurization. The higher activity is concluded to be caused by the lower average electronegativity, i.e., higher base strength and polarity, of Ni-Mo sulfides in the absence of the alumina support and the modified adsorption of reactants enabled by multilayer stacking. Beyond the specific catalytic reaction, the synthesis strategy points to promising scalable routes to sulfide materials broadly applied in hydrogenation and hydrotreating.
Pubmed ID: 32426483 RIS Download
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Athena is a web-based application that warehouses disparate datatypes related to the control of gene expression. Athena provides several features to enable exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of Arabidopsis gene control. The first main tool we provide is visualization of promoter domains of selected genes. Database crossreference for these transcription factors is provided as well as a statistical test for enrichment of binding activity within the set of selected promoters. The data mining tools in Athena allow for selection of sets of genes based on two different factors. -Genes can be select by specifying a set of binding factors whose putative sites must be present within all of those genes'' promoter regions. -Alternatively, genes can be selected using Gene Ontology annotations. Both GO (Gene Ontology) Slim terms and Gene Ontology terms are available. One can select a set of genes by either choosing a union of the genes annotated by a selected set of Slim terms or Gene Ontology terms. The selected gene''s putative binding factors are listed, including enrichment data. Furthermore, enriched presence of Gene Ontology terms is given. The analysis suite provides both enhanced data mining tools for selecting genes as well as several data displays.
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