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Accumulating evidence suggests that natural medicines have notable curative effects on neurological conditions, such as migraine, that are mediated by regulating the gut microbial flora. A natural medicine pair used in traditional Chinese medicine, Gastrodia elata Blume and Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil. (GU), have shown excellent effect in treating migraine, yet the role of gut microbes in the therapeutic effect of GU in chronic migraine (CMG) is unknown. Here, we performed a 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics study of the effects of GU in a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced rat model of CMG. Our results showed that the gut microbial community structure changed significantly and was similar to that of control rats after GU administration in CMG rats. Specifically, GU increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Coprococcus and reduced the abundance of Prevotella_1 and Escherichia-Shigella in CMG rats. The metabolomics profiles of the plasma and ileum contents of CMG rats obtained with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS) revealed similar biomarkers in both samples, and GU treatment reduced 3-indoxyl sulfate, glutamic acid, L-tyrosine, and L-arginine levels, and increased 5-HIAA, L-tryptophan, and linoleic acid levels in plasma. Correlation analysis showed that the affected bacteria were closely related to amino acid metabolism. Most importantly, GU treatment hardly affected biomarkers in feces samples after inhibiting the activity of gut microbes. Collectively, these findings indicate that structural changes in gut flora are closely related to host metabolism and that regulating the gut microbial community structure and function may be one of the important mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of GU in migraine.
Pubmed ID: 31920639 RIS Download
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A database of orthologous groups of genes. The orthologous groups are annotated with functional description lines (derived by identifying a common denominator for the genes based on their various annotations), with functional categories (i.e derived from the original COG/KOG categories). eggNOG's database currently counts 1.7 million orthologous groups in 3686 species, covering over 7.7 million proteins (built from 9.6 million proteins). (Jan 30, 2014)
View all literature mentionsCollection of chemical structures. Provides access to structures, properties and associated information from hundreds of data sources to find compounds of interest and provides services to improve this data by curation and annotation and to integrate it with users applications.
View all literature mentionsCurated collection of human metabolite and human metabolism data which contains records for endogenous metabolites, with each metabolite entry containing detailed chemical, physical, biochemical, concentration, and disease information. This is further supplemented with thousands of NMR and MS spectra collected on purified reference metabolites.
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View all literature mentionsIntegrated database resource consisting of 16 main databases, broadly categorized into systems information, genomic information, and chemical information. In particular, gene catalogs in completely sequenced genomes are linked to higher-level systemic functions of cell, organism, and ecosystem. Analysis tools are also available. KEGG may be used as reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of large-scale datasets generated by sequencing and other high-throughput experimental technologies.
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