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RPL13 Variants Cause Spondyloepimetaphyseal Dysplasia with Severe Short Stature.

American journal of human genetics | 2019

Variants in genes encoding ribosomal proteins have thus far been associated with Diamond-Blackfan anemia, a rare inherited bone marrow failure, and isolated congenital asplenia. Here, we report one de novo missense variant and three de novo splice variants in RPL13, which encodes ribosomal protein RPL13 (also called eL13), in four unrelated individuals with a rare bone dysplasia causing severe short stature. The three splice variants (c.477+1G>T, c.477+1G>A, and c.477+2 T>C) result in partial intron retention, which leads to an 18-amino acid insertion. In contrast to observations from Diamond-Blackfan anemia, we detected no evidence of significant pre-rRNA processing disturbance in cells derived from two affected individuals. Consistently, we showed that the insertion-containing protein is stably expressed and incorporated into 60S subunits similar to the wild-type protein. Erythroid proliferation in culture and ribosome profile on sucrose gradient are modified, suggesting a change in translation dynamics. We also provide evidence that RPL13 is present at high levels in chondrocytes and osteoblasts in mouse growth plates. Taken together, we show that the identified RPL13 variants cause a human ribosomopathy defined by a rare skeletal dysplasia, and we highlight the role of this ribosomal protein in bone development.

Pubmed ID: 31630789 RIS Download

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


ExAc (tool)

RRID:SCR_004068

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on January 9, 2023. An aggregated data platform for genome sequencing data created by a coalition of investigators seeking to aggregate and harmonize exome sequencing data from a variety of large-scale sequencing projects, and to make summary data available for the wider scientific community. The data set provided on this website spans 61,486 unrelated individuals sequenced as part of various disease-specific and population genetic studies. They have removed individuals affected by severe pediatric disease, so this data set should serve as a useful reference set of allele frequencies for severe disease studies. All of the raw data from these projects have been reprocessed through the same pipeline, and jointly variant-called to increase consistency across projects. They ask that you not publish global (genome-wide) analyses of these data until after the ExAC flagship paper has been published, estimated to be in early 2015. If you''re uncertain which category your analyses fall into, please email them. The aggregation and release of summary data from the exomes collected by the Exome Aggregation Consortium has been approved by the Partners IRB (protocol 2013P001477, Genomic approaches to gene discovery in rare neuromuscular diseases).

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UCSC Genome Browser (tool)

RRID:SCR_005780

Portal to interactively visualize genomic data. Provides reference sequences and working draft assemblies for collection of genomes and access to ENCODE and Neanderthal projects. Includes collection of vertebrate and model organism assemblies and annotations, along with suite of tools for viewing, analyzing and downloading data.

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OMIM (tool)

RRID:SCR_006437

Online catalog of human genes and genetic disorders, for clinical features, phenotypes and genes. Collection of human genes and genetic phenotypes, focusing on relationship between phenotype and genotype. Referenced overviews in OMIM contain information on all known mendelian disorders and variety of related genes. It is updated daily, and entries contain copious links to other genetics resources.

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DECIPHER (tool)

RRID:SCR_006552

Interactive database which incorporates a suite of tools designed to aid the interpretation of submicroscopic chromosomal imbalance. Used to enhance clinical diagnosis by retrieving information from bioinformatics resources relevant to the imbalance found in the patient. Contributing to the DECIPHER database is a Consortium, comprising an international community of academic departments of clinical genetics. Each center maintains control of its own patient data (which are password protected within the center''''s own DECIPHER project) until patient consent is given to allow anonymous genomic and phenotypic data to become freely viewable within Ensembl and other genome browsers. Once data are shared, consortium members are able to gain access to the patient report and contact each other to discuss patients of mutual interest, thus facilitating the delineation of new microdeletion and microduplication syndromes.

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HPA (tool)

RRID:SCR_006710

Public database with millions of high-resolution images showing the spatial distribution of proteins in different normal human tissues and cancer types, as well as different human cell lines. The data is released together with application-specific validation performed for each antibody, including immunohistochemisty, Western blot analysis and, for a large fraction, a protein array assay and immunofluorescent based confocal microscopy. The database has been developed in a gene-centric manner with the inclusion of all human genes predicted from genome efforts. Search functionalities allow for complex queries regarding protein expression profiles, protein classes and chromosome location. Antibodies included have been analyzed using a standardized protocol in a single attempt without further efforts to optimize the procedure and therefore it cannot be excluded that certain observed binding properties are due to technical rather than biological reasons and that further optimization could result in a different outcome. Submission of antibodies: The Swedish Human Proteome Atlas (HPA) program, invites submission of antibodies from both academic and commercial sources to be included in the human protein atlas. All antibodies will be validated by the HPA-program by a standard procedure and antibodies that are accepted will be use in the tissue- profiling program to generate high-resolution immunohistochemistry images representing a wide spectrum of normal tissues and cancer types.

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1000 Genomes: A Deep Catalog of Human Genetic Variation (tool)

RRID:SCR_006828

International collaboration producing an extensive public catalog of human genetic variation, including SNPs and structural variants, and their haplotype contexts, in an effort to provide a foundation for investigating the relationship between genotype and phenotype. The genomes of about 2500 unidentified people from about 25 populations around the world were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technologies. Redundant sequencing on various platforms and by different groups of scientists of the same samples can be compared. The results of the study are freely and publicly accessible to researchers worldwide. The consortium identified the following populations whose DNA will be sequenced: Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria; Japanese in Tokyo; Chinese in Beijing; Utah residents with ancestry from northern and western Europe; Luhya in Webuye, Kenya; Maasai in Kinyawa, Kenya; Toscani in Italy; Gujarati Indians in Houston; Chinese in metropolitan Denver; people of Mexican ancestry in Los Angeles; and people of African ancestry in the southwestern United States. The goal Project is to find most genetic variants that have frequencies of at least 1% in the populations studied. Sequencing is still too expensive to deeply sequence the many samples being studied for this project. However, any particular region of the genome generally contains a limited number of haplotypes. Data can be combined across many samples to allow efficient detection of most of the variants in a region. The Project currently plans to sequence each sample to about 4X coverage; at this depth sequencing cannot provide the complete genotype of each sample, but should allow the detection of most variants with frequencies as low as 1%. Combining the data from 2500 samples should allow highly accurate estimation (imputation) of the variants and genotypes for each sample that were not seen directly by the light sequencing. All samples from the 1000 genomes are available as lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and LCL derived DNA from the Coriell Cell Repository as part of the NHGRI Catalog. The sequence and alignment data generated by the 1000genomes project is made available as quickly as possible via their mirrored ftp sites. ftp://ftp.1000genomes.ebi.ac.uk ftp://ftp-trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1000genomes

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MutationTaster (tool)

RRID:SCR_010777

Evaluates disease-causing potential of sequence alterations.

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SIFT (tool)

RRID:SCR_012813

Data analysis service to predict whether an amino acid substitution affects protein function based on sequence homology and the physical properties of amino acids. SIFT can be applied to naturally occurring nonsynonymous polymorphisms and laboratory-induced missense mutations. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software) Web service is also available.

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PolyPhen: Polymorphism Phenotyping (tool)

RRID:SCR_013189

Software tool which predicts possible impact of amino acid substitution on structure and function of human protein using straightforward physical and comparative considerations. PolyPhen-2 is new development of PolyPhen tool for annotating coding nonsynonymous SNPs.

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Genome Aggregation Database (tool)

RRID:SCR_014964

Database that aggregates exome and genome sequencing data from large-scale sequencing projects. The gnomAD data set contains individuals sequenced using multiple exome capture methods and sequencing chemistries. Raw data from the projects have been reprocessed through the same pipeline, and jointly variant-called to increase consistency across projects.

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Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (tool)

RRID:SCR_018393

Web tool for predicting deleteriousness of variants throughout human genome. Software tool for scoring deleteriousness of single nucleotide variants as well as insertion and deletions variants in human genome.

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