Anisakis simplex is a parasitic nematode that can cause anisakiosis and/or allergic reactions in humans. The presence of invasive third-stage larvae (L3) in many different consumed fish species and the fourth-stage larvae (L4) in marine mammals, where L3 can accidentally affect to humans and develop as far as stage L4. World Health Organization and food safety authorities aim to control and prevent this emerging health problem. In the present work, using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics we analyzed for the first time the global proteome of two A. simplex development stages, L3 and L4. The strategy was divided into four steps: (a) protein extraction of L3 and L4 development stages, (b) high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)-assisted trypsin digestion, (c) TMT-isobaric mass tag labeling following by high-pH reversed-phase fractionation, and (d) LC-MS/MS analysis in a LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. A total of 2443 different proteins of A. simplex were identified. Analysis of the modulated proteins provided the specific proteomic signature of L3 (i.e. pseudocoelomic globin, endochitinase 1, paramyosin) and L4 (i.e. neprilysin-2, glutamate dehydrogenase, aminopeptidase N). To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive dataset of proteins of A. simplex for two development stages (L3 and L4) identified to date. SIGNIFICANCE: A. simplex is a fish-borne parasite responsible for the human anisakiosis and allergic reactions around the world. The work describes for the first-time the comparison of the proteome of two A. simplex stages (L3 and L4). The strategy is based on four steps: (i) protein extraction, (ii) ultra-fast trypsin digestion under High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), (iii) TMT-isobaric mass tag labeling followed by high-pH reversed-phase fractionation and (iv) peptide analysis using a LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. The workflow allows to select the most modulated proteins as proteomic signature of those specific development stages (L3 and L4) of A. simplex. Obtained stage-specific proteins, could be used as targets to control/eliminate this parasite and in future eradicate the anisakiosis disease.
Pubmed ID: 30978463 RIS Download
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Bioinformatics resource system including web server and web service for functional annotation and enrichment analyses of gene lists. Consists of comprehensive knowledgebase and set of functional analysis tools. Includes gene centered database integrating heterogeneous gene annotation resources to facilitate high throughput gene functional analysis.
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View all literature mentionsIntegrated database resource consisting of 16 main databases, broadly categorized into systems information, genomic information, and chemical information. In particular, gene catalogs in completely sequenced genomes are linked to higher-level systemic functions of cell, organism, and ecosystem. Analysis tools are also available. KEGG may be used as reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of large-scale datasets generated by sequencing and other high-throughput experimental technologies.
View all literature mentionsSystem that classifies genes by their functions, using published scientific experimental evidence and evolutionary relationships to predict function even in absence of direct experimental evidence. Orthologs view is curated orthology relationships between genes for human, mouse, rat, fish, worm, and fly.
View all literature mentionsSystem that classifies genes by their functions, using published scientific experimental evidence and evolutionary relationships to predict function even in absence of direct experimental evidence. Orthologs view is curated orthology relationships between genes for human, mouse, rat, fish, worm, and fly.
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