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The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a large macromolecular assembly situated within the pores of the nuclear envelope. Through interactions between its subcomplexes and import proteins, the NPC mediates the transport of molecules into and out of the nucleus and facilitates dynamic chromatin regulation and gene expression. Accordingly, the NPC constitutes a highly integrated nuclear component that is ubiquitous and conserved among eukaryotes. Potential exceptions to this are nucleomorphs: Highly reduced, relict nuclei that were derived from green and red algae following their endosymbiotic integration into two lineages, the chlorarachniophytes and the cryptophyceans. A previous investigation failed to identify NPC genes in nucleomorph genomes suggesting that these genes have either been relocated to the host nucleus or lost. Here, we sought to investigate the composition of the NPC in nucleomorphs by using genomic and transcriptomic data to identify and phylogenetically classify NPC proteins in nucleomorph-containing algae. Although we found NPC proteins in all examined lineages, most of those found in chlorarachniophytes and cryptophyceans were single copy, host-related proteins that lacked signal peptides. Two exceptions were Nup98 and Rae1, which had clear nucleomorph-derived homologs. However, these proteins alone are likely insufficient to structure a canonical NPC and previous reports revealed that Nup98 and Rae1 have other nuclear functions. Ultimately, these data indicate that nucleomorphs represent eukaryotic nuclei without a canonical NPC, raising fundamental questions about their structure and function.
Pubmed ID: 30715330 RIS Download
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Collection of data of protein sequence and functional information. Resource for protein sequence and annotation data. Consortium for preservation of the UniProt databases: UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB), UniProt Reference Clusters (UniRef), and UniProt Archive (UniParc), UniProt Proteomes. Collaboration between European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and Protein Information Resource. Swiss-Prot is a curated subset of UniProtKB.
View all literature mentionsTool for searching sequence databases for homologs of protein sequences, and for making protein sequence alignments. It implements methods using probabilistic models called profile hidden Markov models (profile HMMs). Compared to BLAST, FASTA, and other sequence alignment and database search tools based on older scoring methodology, HMMER aims to be significantly more accurate and more able to detect remote homologs because of the strength of its underlying mathematical models. In the past, this strength came at significant computational expense, but in the new HMMER3 project, HMMER is now essentially as fast as BLAST.
View all literature mentionsInternational, curated, digital repository that makes the data underlying scientific publications discoverable, freely reusable, and citable. Particularly data for which no specialized repository exists. Provides the infrastructure for, and promotes the re-use of, data underlying the scholarly literature. Governed by a nonprofit membership organization. Membership is open to any stakeholder organization, including but not limited to journals, scientific societies, publishers, research institutions, libraries, and funding organizations. Most data are associated with peer-reviewed articles, although data associated with non-peer reviewed publications from reputable academic sources, such as dissertations, are also accepted. Used to validate published findings, explore new analysis methodologies, repurpose data for research questions unanticipated by the original authors, and perform synthetic studies.UC system is member organization of Dryad general subject data repository.
View all literature mentionsA graphical viewer of phylogenetic trees and a program for producing publication-ready figures. It is designed to display summarized and annotated trees produced by BEAST.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package as multiple alignment program for amino acid or nucleotide sequences. Can align up to 500 sequences or maximum file size of 1 MB. First version of MAFFT used algorithm based on progressive alignment, in which sequences were clustered with help of Fast Fourier Transform. Subsequent versions have added other algorithms and modes of operation, including options for faster alignment of large numbers of sequences, higher accuracy alignments, alignment of non-coding RNA sequences, and addition of new sequences to existing alignments.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool to quantitatively measure genome assembly and annotation completeness based on evolutionarily informed expectations of gene content.
View all literature mentionsWeb application for prediction of the presence and location of signal peptide cleavage sites in amino acid sequences from different organisms. The method incorporates a prediction of cleavage sites and a signal peptide/non-signal peptide prediction based on a combination of several artificial neural networks.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool to identify candidate coding regions within transcript sequences, such as those generated by de novo RNA-Seq transcript assembly using Trinity, or constructed based on RNA-Seq alignments to genome using Tophat and Cufflinks.Starts from FASTA or GFF file. Can scan and retain open reading frames (ORFs) for homology to known proteins by using BlastP or Pfam search and incorporate results into obtained selection. Predictions can then be visualized by using genome browser such as IGV.
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