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To investigate the functions of fructokinase (FRK) in apple (Malus domestica) carbohydrate metabolism, we cloned the coding sequences of MdFRK1 and MdFRK2 from the 'Royal Gala' apple. The results showed that MdFRK2 expression was extremely high in shoot tips and young fruit. Analyses of heterologously expressed proteins revealed that MdFRK2 had a higher affinity for fructose than did MdFRK1, with Km values of 0.1 and 0.62 mM for MdFRK2 and MdFRK1, respectively. The two proteins, however, exhibited similar Vmax values when their activities were significantly inhibited by high concentrations of fructose. MdFRK2 ectopic expression was associated with a general decrease in fructose concentration in transgenic lines. In leaves, increased FRK activity similarly resulted in reduced concentrations of glucose and sucrose but no alterations in sorbitol concentration. When compared with those in the untransformed control, genes involved in sorbitol synthesis (A6PR) and the degradation pathway (SDH1/2) were significantly upregulated in transgenic lines, whereas those involved in sucrose synthesis (SPS1) and other degradation processes (SUSY4, NINV1/2, and HxK2) were downregulated. The activity of enzymes participating in carbohydrate metabolism was proportional to the level of gene expression. However, the growth performance and photosynthetic efficiency did not differ between the transgenic and wild-type plants. These results provide new genetic evidence to support the view that FRK plays roles in regulating sugar and sorbitol metabolism in Rosaceae plants.
Pubmed ID: 30534388 RIS Download
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THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on January 19, 2022. Command line version of multiple sequence alignment program Clustal for DNA or proteins. Alignment is progressive and considers sequence redundancy. No longer being maintained. Please consider using Clustal Omega instead which accepts nucleic acid or protein sequences in multiple sequence formats NBRF/PIR, EMBL/UniProt, Pearson (FASTA), GDE, ALN/ClustalW, GCG/MSF, RSF.
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View all literature mentionsGDR is a curated and integrated web-based relational database. GDR contains comprehensive data of the genetically anchored peach physical map, annotated EST databases of apple, peach, almond, cherry, rose, raspberry and strawberry, Rosaceae maps and markers and all publicly available Rosaceae sequences. Annotations of ESTs include contig assembly, putative function, simple sequence repeats, ORFs, Gene Ontology and anchored position to the peach physical map where applicable. Our integrated map viewer provides graphical interface to the genetic, transcriptome and physical mapping information. We continue to add Rosaceae map data to CMap, a web-based tool that allows users to view comparisons of genetic and physical maps. ESTs, BACs and markers can be queried by various categories and the search result sites are linked to the integrated map viewer or to the WebFPC physical map sites. In addition to browsing and querying the database, users can compare their sequences with the annotated GDR sequences via a dedicated sequence similarity server running either the BLAST or FASTA algorithm, search their sequences for microsatellites using the SSR server or assemble their ESTs using the CAP3 Server.
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