Information that is motivationally relevant to an organism's survival demands preferential attention. Affective mechanisms facilitate attentional shifts and potentiate action to allow organisms to respond appropriately to motivationally relevant information. Previous work has demonstrated that the late-positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential elicited by inherently emotional stimuli. For example, the LPP typically is evoked by images of weapons or erotica. The present study investigates stimuli that are not inherently emotional, but that implicitly (without participants' awareness) predict future monetary gains and losses. Results indicate that, relative to non-predictive cues, these predictive cues elicited frontally distributed positive potential. These results suggest that prediction of future rewards evokes neural responses that are similar to those evoked by inherently emotional stimuli. Results also indicate that monetary gains and losses elicit a frontally distributed LPP.
Pubmed ID: 28693860 RIS Download
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Interactive Matlab toolbox for processing continuous and event-related EEG, MEG and other electrophysiological data incorporating independent component analysis (ICA), time/frequency analysis, artifact rejection, event-related statistics, and several useful modes of visualization of the averaged and single-trial data. First developed on Matlab 5.3 under Linux, EEGLAB runs on Matlab v5 and higher under Linux, Unix, Windows, and Mac OS X (Matlab 7+ recommended). EEGLAB provides an interactive graphic user interface (GUI) allowing users to flexibly and interactively process their high-density EEG and other dynamic brain data using independent component analysis (ICA) and/or time/frequency analysis (TFA), as well as standard averaging methods. EEGLAB also incorporates extensive tutorial and help windows, plus a command history function that eases users'' transition from GUI-based data exploration to building and running batch or custom data analysis scripts. EEGLAB offers a wealth of methods for visualizing and modeling event-related brain dynamics, both at the level of individual EEGLAB ''datasets'' and/or across a collection of datasets brought together in an EEGLAB ''studyset.'' For experienced Matlab users, EEGLAB offers a structured programming environment for storing, accessing, measuring, manipulating and visualizing event-related EEG data. For creative research programmers and methods developers, EEGLAB offers an extensible, open-source platform through which they can share new methods with the world research community by publishing EEGLAB ''plug-in'' functions that appear automatically in the EEGLAB menu of users who download them. For example, novel EEGLAB plug-ins might be built and released to ''pick peaks'' in ERP or time/frequency results, or to perform specialized import/export, data visualization, or inverse source modeling of EEG, MEG, and/or ECOG data. EEGLAB Features * Graphic user interface * Multiformat data importing * High-density data scrolling * Defined EEG data structure * Open source plug-in facility * Interactive plotting functions * Semi-automated artifact removal * ICA & time/frequency transforms * Many advanced plug-in toolboxes * Event & channel location handling * Forward/inverse head/source modeling
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