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Ensembl core software resources: storage and programmatic access for DNA sequence and genome annotation.

Database : the journal of biological databases and curation | 2017

The Ensembl software resources are a stable infrastructure to store, access and manipulate genome assemblies and their functional annotations. The Ensembl 'Core' database and Application Programming Interface (API) was our first major piece of software infrastructure and remains at the centre of all of our genome resources. Since its initial design more than fifteen years ago, the number of publicly available genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic datasets has grown enormously, accelerated by continuous advances in DNA-sequencing technology. Initially intended to provide annotation for the reference human genome, we have extended our framework to support the genomes of all species as well as richer assembly models. Cross-referenced links to other informatics resources facilitate searching our database with a variety of popular identifiers such as UniProt and RefSeq. Our comprehensive and robust framework storing a large diversity of genome annotations in one location serves as a platform for other groups to generate and maintain their own tailored annotation. We welcome reuse and contributions: our databases and APIs are publicly available, all of our source code is released with a permissive Apache v2.0 licence at http://github.com/Ensembl and we have an active developer mailing list ( http://www.ensembl.org/info/about/contact/index.html ).

Pubmed ID: 28365736 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

None found

Antibodies used in this publication

None found

Associated grants

  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
  • Agency: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: U41 HG007234
  • Agency: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: U41 HG007823
  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
    Id: WT108749/Z/15/Z
  • Agency: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: BB/L024225/1
  • Agency: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: BB/I025506/1
  • Agency: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: B/I025360/2
  • Agency: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: BB/M011615/1
  • Agency: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: BB/M01844X/1
  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
    Id: WT200990/Z/16/Z
  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
    Id: WT201535/Z/16/Z

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


Ensembl (tool)

RRID:SCR_002344

Collection of genome databases for vertebrates and other eukaryotic species with DNA and protein sequence search capabilities. Used to automatically annotate genome, integrate this annotation with other available biological data and make data publicly available via web. Ensembl tools include BLAST, BLAT, BioMart and the Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) for all supported species.

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RefSeq (tool)

RRID:SCR_003496

Collection of curated, non-redundant genomic DNA, transcript RNA, and protein sequences produced by NCBI. Provides a reference for genome annotation, gene identification and characterization, mutation and polymorphism analysis, expression studies, and comparative analyses. Accessed through the Nucleotide and Protein databases.

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UniProtKB (tool)

RRID:SCR_004426

Central repository for collection of functional information on proteins, with accurate and consistent annotation. In addition to capturing core data mandatory for each UniProtKB entry (mainly, the amino acid sequence, protein name or description, taxonomic data and citation information), as much annotation information as possible is added. This includes widely accepted biological ontologies, classifications and cross-references, and experimental and computational data. The UniProt Knowledgebase consists of two sections, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and UniProtKB/TrEMBL. UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (reviewed) is a high quality manually annotated and non-redundant protein sequence database which brings together experimental results, computed features, and scientific conclusions. UniProtKB/TrEMBL (unreviewed) contains protein sequences associated with computationally generated annotation and large-scale functional characterization that await full manual annotation. Users may browse by taxonomy, keyword, gene ontology, enzyme class or pathway.

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UniParc (tool)

RRID:SCR_005818

Database that contains publicly available protein sequences with stable and unique identifiers (UPI) which are never removed, changed or reassigned. UniParc tracks sequence changes in the source databases and archives the history of all changes. Information other than protein sequence must be retrieved from the UniParc source databases using the database cross-references.

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Rfam (tool)

RRID:SCR_007891

The Rfam database is a collection of RNA families, each represented by multiple sequence alignments, consensus secondary structures and covariance models (CMs). The families in Rfam break down into three broad functional classes: Non-coding RNA genes, structured cis-regulatory elements and self-splicing RNAs. Typically these functional RNAs often have a conserved secondary structure which may be better preserved than the RNA sequence. The CMs used to describe each family are a slightly more complicated relative of the profile hidden Markov models (HMMs) used by Pfam. CMs can simultaneously model RNA sequence and the structure in an elegant and accurate fashion. Rfam is also available via FTP. You can find data in Rfam in various ways... * Analyze your RNA sequence for Rfam matches * View Rfam family annotation and alignments * View Rfam clan details * Query Rfam by keywords * Fetch families or sequences by NCBI taxonomy * Enter any type of accession or ID to jump to the page for a Rfam family, sequence or genome

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