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Tumor targeting is a booming business: The global therapeutic monoclonal antibody market accounted for more than $78 billion in 2012 and is expanding exponentially. Tumors can be targeted with an extensive arsenal of monoclonal antibodies, ligand proteins, peptides, RNAs, and small molecules. In addition to therapeutic targeting, some of these compounds can also be applied for tumor visualization before or during surgery, after conjugation with radionuclides and/or near-infrared fluorescent dyes. The majority of these tumor-targeting compounds are directed against cell membrane-bound proteins. Various categories of targetable membrane-bound proteins, such as anchoring proteins, receptors, enzymes, and transporter proteins, exist. The functions and biological characteristics of these proteins determine their location and distribution on the cell membrane, making them more, or less, accessible, and therefore, it is important to understand these features. In this review, we evaluate the characteristics of cancer-associated membrane proteins and discuss their overall usability for cancer targeting, especially focusing on imaging applications.
Pubmed ID: 27721658 RIS Download
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Registry and results database of federally and privately supported clinical trials conducted in United States and around world. Provides information about purpose of trial, who may participate, locations, and phone numbers for more details. This information should be used in conjunction with advice from health care professionals.Offers information for locating federally and privately supported clinical trials for wide range of diseases and conditions. Research study in human volunteers to answer specific health questions. Interventional trials determine whether experimental treatments or new ways of using known therapies are safe and effective under controlled environments. Observational trials address health issues in large groups of people or populations in natural settings. ClinicalTrials.gov contains trials sponsored by National Institutes of Health, other federal agencies, and private industry. Studies listed in database are conducted in all 50 States and in 178 countries.
View all literature mentionsDatabase of European clinical trials containing information on interventional clinical trials on medicines. The information available dates from 1 May 2004 when national medicine regulatory authorities began populating the EudraCT database, the application that is used by national medicine regulatory authorities to enter clinical trial data. The EU Clinical Trials Register website launched on 22 March 2011 enables users to search for information which has been included in the EudraCT database. Users are able to: * view the description of a phase II-IV adult clinical trial where the investigator sites are in European Union member states and the European Economic Area; * view the description of any pediatric clinical trial with investigator sites in the European Union and any trials which form part of a pediatric investigation plan (PIP) including those where the investigator sites are outside the European Union. * download up to 20 results (per request) in a text file (.txt). The details in the clinical trial description include: * the design of the trial; * the sponsor; * the investigational medicine (trade name or active substance identification); * the therapeutic areas; * the status (authorized, ongoing, complete).
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