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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by a chronic, progressive autoimmune attack against pancreas-specific antigens, effecting the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. Here we show interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a non-pancreatic autoimmune target in T1D. Anti-IL-2 autoantibodies, as well as T cells specific for a single orthologous epitope of IL-2, are present in the peripheral blood of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and patients with T1D. In NOD mice, the generation of anti-IL-2 autoantibodies is genetically determined and their titre increases with age and disease onset. In T1D patients, circulating IgG memory B cells specific for IL-2 or insulin are present at similar frequencies. Anti-IL-2 autoantibodies cloned from T1D patients demonstrate clonality, a high degree of somatic hypermutation and nanomolar affinities, indicating a germinal centre origin and underscoring the synergy between cognate autoreactive T and B cells leading to defective immune tolerance.
Pubmed ID: 27708334 RIS Download
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Program that develops materials and methods to improve measurements of autoantibodies that are predictive of type 1 diabetes. These are the most sensitive and meaningful measures for predicting this disease. Historically, autoantibody measures have been variable among laboratories; therefore, this program, in collaboration with the Immunology of Diabetes Society, was established. The goals of DASP are to improve laboratory methods, evaluate laboratory performance, support the development of sensitive and specific measurement technologies, and develop reference methods. Currently, 48 key laboratories from 19 countries participate in DASP.
View all literature mentionsA commercial antibody supplier and provider of various services.
View all literature mentionsCommercial antibody supplier and developer for biomedical research. These products are compatible with use in flow cytometry and mass cytometry, immunoprecipitation and chip, western blotting, immunofluorescence microscopy, and quantitative multiplexing.
View all literature mentionsGlobal nonprofit biological resource center (BRC) and research organization that provides biological products, technical services and educational programs to private industry, government and academic organizations. Its mission is to acquire, authenticate, preserve, develop and distribute biological materials, information, technology, intellectual property and standards for the advancement and application of scientific knowledge. The primary purpose of ATCC is to use its resources and experience as a BRC to become the world leader in standard biological reference materials management, intellectual property resource management and translational research as applied to biomaterial development, standardization and certification. ATCC characterizes cell lines, bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa, as well as develops and evaluates assays and techniques for validating research resources and preserving and distributing biological materials to the public and private sector research communities.
View all literature mentionsSoftware for single-cell flow cytometry analysis. Its functions include management, display, manipulation, analysis and publication of the data stream produced by flow and mass cytometers.
View all literature mentionsTHIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE.Documented on January 4,2023. IgBLAST was developed at NCBI to facilitate analysis of immunoglobulin V region sequences in GenBank. In addition to performing a regular BLAST search, IgBLAST has several additional functions: - Reports the germline V, D and J gene matches to the query sequence. - Annotates the immunoglobulin domains (FWR1 through FWR3). - Matches the returned hits (for databases other than germline genes) to the closest germline V genes, making it easier to identify related sequences. - Reveals the V(D)J junction details such as nucleotide homology between the ends of V(D)J segments and N nucleotide insertions. D and J gene reporting is only for nucleotide sequence search and requires a stretch of five or more nucleotide identity between the query and D or J genes. Sponsors: This resource is supported by the National Center for Biotechnology Information, a division of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
View all literature mentionsCommercial organism provider selling mice, rats and other model animals. American corporation specializing in a variety of pre-clinical and clinical laboratory services for the pharmaceutical, medical device and biotechnology industries. It also supplies assorted biomedical products and research and development outsourcing services for use in the pharmaceutical industry. (Wikipedia)
View all literature mentionslaboratory mouse with name BALB/cAnNCrl from MGI.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsNSG-HLA-A2/HHD mutant mice are immunodeficient and express human HLA class 1 heavy and light chains. This strain may be useful as a human hematopoietic engraftment host that supports the maturation of human T cells with transplantation http://jaxmice.jax.org/strain/014570.html.
View all literature mentionsCell line CTLL-2 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus (Mouse)
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