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CpG-induced antitumor immunity requires IL-12 in expansion of effector cells and down-regulation of PD-1.

Oncotarget | 2016

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, as a ligand of toll-like receptor (TLR)-9, have demonstrated promising antitumor effects in some clinical trials; however, its toxicity and low efficacy as a systemic therapy has limited its therapeutic applications. In order to improve its therapeutic efficacy, we investigated the mechanisms of CpG-induced antitumor immunity in the context of CD8+ T cell responses. We show that IL-12 is required for the expansion of IFN-γ producing tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells capable of rejecting tumors. In addition, CpGs reduced PD-1 expression by effector CD8+ T cells via the IL-12 pathway. The combination of CpG and PD-1 blockade show a synergistic effect in generation of systemic antitumor immunity. Our studies define a critical role of IL-12 in CpG-induced antitumor immunity and provide a rationale for combined therapy with TLR agonists and immune checkpoint blockade in cancer treatment.

Pubmed ID: 27602959 RIS Download

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Associated grants

  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: K12 CA090628
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AI095239
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R21 CA197878

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