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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental disorder and can severely interfere with the normal life of the affected people. Previous studies have examined the association of PTSD with genetic variants in multiple dopaminergic genes with inconsistent results. To perform a systematic literature search and conduct meta-analysis to examine whether genetic variants in the dopaminergic system is associated with PTSD. Data Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, and HuGE. Study eligibility criteria and participants: The studies included subjects who had been screened for the presence of PTSD; the studies provided data for genetic variants of genes involved in the dopaminergic system; the outcomes of interest included diagnosis status of PTSD; and the studies were case-control studies. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Odds ratio was used as a measure of association. We used random-effects model in all the meta-analyses. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using I², and publication bias was evaluated using Egger test. Findings from meta-analyses were confirmed using random-effects meta-analyses under the framework of generalized linear model (GLM). A total of 19 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in our analyses. We found that rs1800497 in DRD2 was significantly associated with PTSD (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.15-3.33; P = 0.014). The 3'-UTR variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in SLC6A3 also showed significant association with PTSD (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.12-2.35; P = 0.010), but there was no association of rs4680 in COMT with PTSD (P = 0.595). Sample size is limited for some studies; type and severity of traumatic events varied across studies; we could not control for potential confounding factors, such as age at traumatic events and gender; and we could not examine gene-environment interaction due to lack of data. We found that rs1800497 in DRD2 and the VNTR in SLC6A3 showed significant association with PTSD. Future studies controlling for confounding factors, with large sample sizes and more homogeneous traumatic exposure, are needed to validate the findings from this study.
Pubmed ID: 26986136 RIS Download
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Software environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.
View all literature mentionsTHIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on January 5, 2023. Knowledge base of genetic associations and human genome epidemiology including information on population prevalence of genetic variants, gene-disease associations, gene-gene and gene- environment interactions, and evaluation of genetic tests. This tool explores HuGENet, the Human Genome Epidemiology Network, which is a global collaboration of individuals and organizations committed to the assessment of the impact of human genome variation on population health and how genetic information can be used to improve health and prevent disease. What does HuGE Navigator offer? *HuGEpedia - an encyclopedia of human genetic variation in health and disease, includes, Phenopedia and Genopedia. Phenopedia allows you to look up gene-disease association summaries by disease, and Genopedia allows you to look up gene-disease association summaries by gene. In general, HuGEpedia is a searchable database that summarizes published articles about human disease and genetic variation, including primary studies, reviews, and meta-analyses. It provides links to Pubmed abstracts, researcher contact info, trends, and more. *HuGEtools - searching and mining the literature in human genome epidemiology, includes, HuGE Literature Finder, HuGE Investigator Browser, Gene Prospector, HuGE Watch, Variant Name Mapper, and HuGE Risk Translator. *HuGE Literature Finder finds published articles in human genome epidemiology since 2001. The search query can include genes, disease, outcome, environmental factors, author, etc. Results can be filtered by these categories. It is also possible to see all articles in the database for a particular topic, such as genotype prevalence, pharmacogenomics, or clinical trial. *HuGE Investigator Browser finds investigators in a particular field of human genome epidemiology. This info is obtained using a behind-the-scenes tool that automatically parses PubMed affiliation data. *Gene Prospector is a gateway for evaluating genes in relation to disease and risk factors. This tool allows you to enter a disease or risk factor and then supplies you with a table of genes associated w/your query that are ranked based on strength of evidence from the literature. This evidence is culled from the HuGE Literature Finder and NCBI Entrez Gene - And you're given the scoring formula. The Gene Prospector results table provides access to the Genopedia entry for each gene in the list, general info including links to other resources, SNP info, and associated literature from HuGE, PubMed, GWAS, and more. It is a great place to locate a lot of info about your disease/gene of interest very quickly. *HuGE Watch tracks the evolution of published literature, HuGE investigators, genes studied, or diseases studied in human genome epidemiology. For example, if you search Trend/Pattern for Diseases Studied you'll initially get a graph and chart of the number of diseases studied per year since 1997. You can refine these results by limiting the temporal trend to a category or study type such as Gene-gene Interaction or HuGE Review. *Variant Name Mapper maps common names and rs numbers of genetic variants using information from SNP500Cancer, SNPedia, pharmGKB, ALFRED, AlzGene, PDGene, SZgene, HuGE Navigator, LSDBs, and user submissions. *HuGE Risk Translator calculates the predictive value of genetic markers for disease risk. To do so, users must enter the frequency of risk variant, the population disease risk, and the odds ratio between the gene and disease. This information is necessary in order to yield a useful predictive result. *HuGEmix - a series of HuGE related informatics utilities and projects, includes, GAPscreener, HuGE Track, Open Source. GAPscreener is a screening tool for published literature on human genetic associations; HuGE Track is a custom track built for HuGE data in the UCSC Genome Browser; and Open Source is infrastructure for managing knowledge and information from PubMed.
View all literature mentionsGoogle Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions, from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities and other web sites. Google Scholar helps you find relevant work across the world of scholarly research. Features of Google Scholar * Search diverse sources from one convenient place * Find articles, theses, books, abstracts or court opinions * Locate the complete document through your library or on the web * Learn about key scholarly literature in any area of research How are documents ranked? Google Scholar aims to rank documents the way researchers do, weighing the full text of each document, where it was published, who it was written by, as well as how often and how recently it has been cited in other scholarly literature. * Publishers - Include your publications in Google Scholar * Librarians - Help patrons discover your library''s resources
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View all literature mentionsContains data to inform healthcare decision-making from Cochrane and other systematic reviews, clinical trials, and more. Cochrane reviews bring you the combined results of the worlds best medical research studies, and are recognized as the gold standard in evidence-based health care. Consists of a regularly updated collection of evidence-based medicine databases, including The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. This database includes systematic reviews of healthcare interventions that are produced and disseminated by The Cochrane Collaboration. It is published on a monthly basis and made available both on CD-ROM and the Internet. The review abstracts are available to browse and search free of charge on this website. The Cochrane Library Users'' Group (CLUG) provides a forum for discussion of usability, readability, searchability, and formatting issues related to the use of The Cochrane Library. The Cochrane Collaboration is an international not-for-profit and independent organization, dedicated to making up-to-date, accurate information about the effects of healthcare readily available worldwide. Funded by John Wiley and Sons Limited. The individual entities of The Cochrane Collaboration are funded by a large variety of governmental, institutional and private funding sources, and are bound by organisation-wide policy limiting uses of funds from corporate sponsors.
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