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Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp., has recently been recognized as an emerging infectious disease worldwide. Despite its severity and global importance, knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis and virulence evolution of Leptospira spp. remains limited. Here we sequenced and analyzed 102 isolates representing global sources. A high genomic variability were observed among different Leptospira species, which was attributed to massive gene gain and loss events allowing for adaptation to specific niche conditions and changing host environments. Horizontal gene transfer and gene duplication allowed the stepwise acquisition of virulence factors in pathogenic Leptospira evolved from a recent common ancestor. More importantly, the abundant expansion of specific virulence-related protein families, such as metalloproteases-associated paralogs, were exclusively identified in pathogenic species, reflecting the importance of these protein families in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. Our observations also indicated that positive selection played a crucial role on this bacteria adaptation to hosts. These novel findings may lead to greater understanding of the global diversity and virulence evolution of Leptospira spp.
Pubmed ID: 26833181 RIS Download
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Database of a list of insertion sequences isolated from eubacteria and archaea. It is organized into individual files containing their general features (name, size, origin, family.....) as well as their DNA and potential protein sequences. Although most of the entries have been identified as individual elements, a growing number are included from their description in sequenced bacterial genomes. The search engine permits the retrieval and display of individual and groups of ISs based on a combination of their general features. Two levels of search are available. The simple search option enables the user to sort elements using a limited number of basic items whereas the extensive search offers an additional set of possibilities such as comparisons of the sequences of terminal inverted repeats and a variety of different layout displays. Built in links are provided to: the EMBL sequence database, the NCBI taxonomy database and to the ESF plasmid database. At present, only individual sequences can be downloaded one by one for comparison. An on-line BLAST facility is available and in future versions direct access to additional analytical tools will be provided on line. Direct submission of ISs is encouraged using the on-line form provided.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package for functional analysis of sequences by classifying them into families and predicting presence of domains and sites. Scans sequences against InterPro's signatures. Characterizes nucleotide or protein function by matching it with models from several different databases. Used in large scale analysis of whole proteomes, genomes and metagenomes. Available as Web based version and standalone Perl version and SOAP Web Service.
View all literature mentionsA family of gene prediction programs developed at Georgia Institute of Technology.
View all literature mentionsPackage of programs for phylogenetic analyses of DNA or protein sequences using maximum likelihood. PAML estimates parameters and tests hypotheses to study the evolutionary process from a phylogenetic tree.
View all literature mentionsThe SciCrunch Infrastructure was developed as a cooperative data platform to be used by diverse communities in making data more FAIR.
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