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Capture Hi-C reveals novel candidate genes and complex long-range interactions with related autoimmune risk loci.

Nature communications | 2015

Genome-wide association studies have been tremendously successful in identifying genetic variants associated with complex diseases. The majority of association signals are intergenic and evidence is accumulating that a high proportion of signals lie in enhancer regions. We use Capture Hi-C to investigate, for the first time, the interactions between associated variants for four autoimmune diseases and their functional targets in B- and T-cell lines. Here we report numerous looping interactions and provide evidence that only a minority of interactions are common to both B- and T-cell lines, suggesting interactions may be highly cell-type specific; some disease-associated SNPs do not interact with the nearest gene but with more compelling candidate genes (for example, FOXO1, AZI2) often situated several megabases away; and finally, regions associated with different autoimmune diseases interact with each other and the same promoter suggesting common autoimmune gene targets (for example, PTPRC, DEXI and ZFP36L1).

Pubmed ID: 26616563 RIS Download

Associated grants

  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
    Id: 097820/Z/11/B
  • Agency: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: BBS/E/B/000C0405
  • Agency: Versus Arthritis, United Kingdom
    Id: 20571
  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
    Id: 089989
  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
    Id: 100140
  • Agency: Department of Health, United Kingdom
    Id: MANMKBRU-2012-1
  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
    Id: 091157
  • Agency: Arthritis Research UK, United Kingdom
    Id: 20571
  • Agency: Arthritis Research UK, United Kingdom
    Id: 20385
  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
    Id: AM 095684

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


HiCUP (tool)

RRID:SCR_005569

A tool for mapping and performing quality control on Hi-C data.

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Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (tool)

RRID:SCR_007303

Functional genomics data repository supporting MIAME-compliant data submissions. Includes microarray-based experiments measuring the abundance of mRNA, genomic DNA, and protein molecules, as well as non-array-based technologies such as serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and mass spectrometry proteomic technology. Array- and sequence-based data are accepted. Collection of curated gene expression DataSets, as well as original Series and Platform records. The database can be searched using keywords, organism, DataSet type and authors. DataSet records contain additional resources including cluster tools and differential expression queries.

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CASAVA (tool)

RRID:SCR_001802

Software package that creates genomic builds, calls SNPs, detects indels, and counts reads from data generated from one or more sequencing runs. In addition, CASAVA automatically generates a range of statistics, such as mean depth and percentage chromosome coverage, to enable comparison with previous builds or other samples. CASAVA analyzes sequencing reads in three stages: * FASTQ file generation and demultiplexing * Alignment to a reference genome * Variant detection and counting

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BEDTools (tool)

RRID:SCR_006646

A powerful toolset for genome arithmetic allowing one to address common genomics tasks such as finding feature overlaps and computing coverage. Bedtools allows one to intersect, merge, count, complement, and shuffle genomic intervals from multiple files in widely-used genomic file formats such as BAM, BED, GFF/GTF, VCF. While each individual tool is designed to do a relatively simple task (e.g., intersect two interval files), quite sophisticated analyses can be conducted by combining multiple bedtools operations on the UNIX command line.

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Trimmomatic (tool)

RRID:SCR_011848

Software Java pipeline for trimming tasks for Illumina paired end and single ended data. Flexible Trimmer for Illumina Sequence Data. Pair aware preprocessing tool optimized for Illumina next generation sequencing data. Includes several processing steps for read trimming and filtering. Operating systems Unix/Linux, Mac OS, Windows.

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Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (tool)

RRID:SCR_005012

Functional genomics data repository supporting MIAME-compliant data submissions. Includes microarray-based experiments measuring the abundance of mRNA, genomic DNA, and protein molecules, as well as non-array-based technologies such as serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and mass spectrometry proteomic technology. Array- and sequence-based data are accepted. Collection of curated gene expression DataSets, as well as original Series and Platform records. The database can be searched using keywords, organism, DataSet type and authors. DataSet records contain additional resources including cluster tools and differential expression queries.

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Jurkat (tool)

RRID:CVCL_0065

Cell line Jurkat is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

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GM12878 (tool)

RRID:CVCL_7526

Cell line GM12878 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

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Jurkat E6.1 (tool)

RRID:CVCL_0367

Cell line Jurkat E6.1 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

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