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How does the mammalian retina detect motion? This classic problem in visual neuroscience has remained unsolved for 50 years. In search of clues, here we reconstruct Off-type starburst amacrine cells (SACs) and bipolar cells (BCs) in serial electron microscopic images with help from EyeWire, an online community of 'citizen neuroscientists'. On the basis of quantitative analyses of contact area and branch depth in the retina, we find evidence that one BC type prefers to wire with a SAC dendrite near the SAC soma, whereas another BC type prefers to wire far from the soma. The near type is known to lag the far type in time of visual response. A mathematical model shows how such 'space-time wiring specificity' could endow SAC dendrites with receptive fields that are oriented in space-time and therefore respond selectively to stimuli that move in the outward direction from the soma.
Pubmed ID: 24805243 RIS Download
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An online game for mapping neuronal connections in the retina. The site provides microscopic retinal images and uses crowdsourcing to make sense of the images. EyeWire is where the general public can help make discoveries about the neural structure of the retina. The challenge is to map the neural connections of the retina by analyzing images that were acquired using serial electron microscopy at the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany. A retinal volume of size 350��300��60 micrometer cubed was imaged, amounting to about one terabyte of data. Retinal Connectome * Game 1: Reconstructing Neurons * Game 2: Identifying Synapses Eyewire incorporates computational technologies developed by the laboratory of Prof. Sebastian Seung at MIT.
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