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Myostatin, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, has been shown to act as a negative regulator of myogenesis. Although its role in myogenesis has been clearly documented through genetic analysis, few gene cascades that respond to myostatin signaling and regulate myogenesis have been characterized, especially in avian species. In a previous study, we screened for such genes in chicken fetal myoblasts (CFMs) using the differential display PCR method and found that cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP) was downregulated by myostatin and specifically expressed in chicken skeletal muscle. However, little is known about the potential functions of CARP in chicken skeletal myogenesis. In this study, the expression patterns of chicken CARP and the possible function of this gene in skeletal muscle growth were characterized. Our data showed that CARP was predominantly expressed in postnatal skeletal muscle, and its expression increased during myogenic differentiation in CFM cells. When CARP was overexpressed, CFM cell growth was enhanced by accelerating the cell cycle at the G1 to S phase transition and increasing cyclin D1 expression. CARP knockdown had the opposite effect: while myoblasts underwent differentiation, knockdown of CARP expression induced extensive cell death, suppressed the formation of myotubes, and markedly decreased the expression of differentiation-related genes such as myosin heavy chain (MHC), myoD, and caveolin-3. Our findings indicate that CARP may play a key role in the myostatin signaling cascade that governs chicken skeletal myogenesis through promoting proliferation and avoiding apoptosis during CFM cell differentiation.
Pubmed ID: 24644428 RIS Download
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Portal to interactively visualize genomic data. Provides reference sequences and working draft assemblies for collection of genomes and access to ENCODE and Neanderthal projects. Includes collection of vertebrate and model organism assemblies and annotations, along with suite of tools for viewing, analyzing and downloading data.
View all literature mentionsCommercial antibody vendor which supplies antibodies and other products to life science researchers.
View all literature mentionsCentral online repository for microRNA nomenclature, sequence data, annotation and target prediction.Collection of published miRNA sequences and annotation.
View all literature mentionsService that generates Ramachandran-like plots of carbohydrate linkage torsions in pdb-files. The Ramachandran Plot, where backbone torsion angles are plotted against each other, is a frequently used tool to evaluate the quality of a protein 3D structure. For carbohydrate structures, linkage torsions can be evaluated in a similar way. Preferred Phi/Psi values of the torsion angles of glycosidic bonds depend strongly on the types of monosaccharides involved in the linkage, the kind of linkage (1-3, 1-4, etc) as well as the degree of branching of the structure. CARP analyses carbohydrate data given in PDB files using the pdb2linucs algorithm. For each different linkage type a separate plot is generated. The user can choose between two sources for plot background information for comparison: data obtained from PDB provided by GlyTorsion or from GlycoMapsDB. GlycoMapsDB provides calculated conformational maps, which show energetically preferred regions for a specific linkage, while PDB data are based on experimentally solved structures. For seldom occuring linkages, however, PDB data are often rare, so maybe not sufficient background information for comparison will be available from this source.
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