Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) comprise a group of inherited lysosomal disorders with variable age of onset, characterized by lysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid lipopigments, neuroinflammation, photoreceptor- and neurodegeneration. Most of the NCL-related genes encode soluble and transmembrane proteins which localize to the endoplasmic reticulum or to the endosomal/lysosomal compartment and directly or indirectly regulate lysosomal function. Recently, exome sequencing led to the identification of four novel gene defects in NCL patients and a new NCL nomenclature currently comprising CLN1 through CLN14. Although the precise function of most of the NCL proteins remains elusive, comprehensive analyses of model organisms, particularly mouse models, provided new insight into pathogenic mechanisms of NCL diseases and roles of mutant NCL proteins in cellular/subcellular protein and lipid homeostasis, as well as their adaptive/compensatorial regulation at the transcriptional level. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the expression, function and regulation of NCL proteins and their impact on lysosomal integrity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses or Batten Disease.
Pubmed ID: 23402926 RIS Download
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A database of human molecular interaction networks that integrates human protein-protein and transcriptional regulatory interactions from 15 distinct resources and aims to give direct and easy access to the integrated data set and to enable users to perform network-based investigations. The database includes tools (i) to search for molecular interaction partners of query genes or proteins in the integrated dataset, (ii) to inspect the origin, evidence and functional annotation of retrieved proteins and interactions, (iii) to visualize and adjust the resulting interaction network, (iv) to filter interactions based on method of derivation, evidence and type of experiment as well as based on gene expression data or gene lists and (v) to analyze the functional composition of interaction networks.
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