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The biogenesis of ribosomes is a fundamental cellular process, which provides the molecular machines that synthesize all cellular proteins. The assembly of eukaryotic ribosomes is a highly complex multi-step process that requires more than 200 ribosome biogenesis factors, which mediate a broad spectrum of maturation reactions. The participation of many energy-consuming enzymes (e.g. AAA-type ATPases, RNA helicases, and GTPases) in this process indicates that the expenditure of energy is required to drive ribosome assembly. While the precise function of many of these enzymes remains elusive, recent progress has revealed that the three AAA-type ATPases involved in 60S subunit biogenesis are specifically dedicated to the release and recycling of distinct biogenesis factors. In this review, we will highlight how the molecular power of yeast Drg1, Rix7, and Rea1 is harnessed to promote the release of their substrate proteins from evolving pre-60S particles and, where appropriate, discuss possible catalytic mechanisms.
Pubmed ID: 21763358 RIS Download
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A platform that integrates a great variety of tools for protein sequence analysis. Many tools are developed in-house, and serveral public tools are offered with extended functionality. Most frequently used tools HHpred Sensitive protein homology detection and structure prediction by HMM-HMM-comparison. Starting from a query sequence, HHpred builds a multiple sequence alignment using HHblits and turns it into a profile HMM. This is then compared it with a database of HMMs representing proteins with known structure (e.g. PDB, SCOP) or annotated protein families (e.g. PFAM, SMART, CDD, COGs, KOGs). The output is a list of closest homologs with alignments. HHpred can also build 3d homology models using the identified templates in the PDB database. It can optimize template picking and query-template alignments for homology modeling. The HHblits software is part of the open source package HHsuite. HHblits Remote homology detection method based on iterative HMM-HMM comparison. HHblits can build high-quality MSAs starting from single sequences or from MSAs. It transforms these into a query HMM and iteratively searches through uniprot20 or nr20 databases by adding significantly similar sequences from the previous search to the updated query HMM for the next search iteration. Compared to PSI-BLAST, HHblits is faster, up to twice as sensitive and produces more accurate alignments. The HHblits software is part of the open source package HHsuite. Quick2d Quick2D gives you an overview of secondary structure features like alpha-helices, extended beta-sheets, coiled coils, transmembrane helices and disorder regions. Predictions by PSIPRED, JNET, Prof(Rost), Prof(Ouali), Coils, MEMSAT2, HMMTOP, DISOPRED2 and VSL2. Modeller A Program for Comparative Protein Structure Modelling by Satisfaction of Spatial Restraints. Coils/PCoils This server compares a single sequence (COILS) or a sequence alignment (PCOILS) to a database of known coiled-coils and derives a similarity score. The program then calculates the probability that the sequence will adopt a coiled-coil conformation. PSI-Blast Search with an amino acid sequence against protein databases for locally similar sequences. Similar to ProteinBLAST but more sensitive. PSI-BLAST first performs a BLAST search and builds an alignment from the best local hits. This alignment is then used as a query for the next round of search. After each successive round the search alignment is updated.
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