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Disparate macrophage responses are linked to infection outcome of Hantan virus in humans or rodents.

Hongwei Ma | Yongheng Yang | Tiejian Nie | Rong Yan | Yue Si | Jing Wei | Mengyun Li | He Liu | Wei Ye | Hui Zhang | Linfeng Cheng | Liang Zhang | Xin Lv | Limin Luo | Zhikai Xu | Xijing Zhang | Yingfeng Lei | Fanglin Zhang
Nature communications | 2024

Hantaan virus (HTNV) is asymptomatically carried by rodents, yet causes lethal hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans, the underlying mechanisms of which remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that differential macrophage responses may determine disparate infection outcomes. In mice, late-phase inactivation of inflammatory macrophage prevents cytokine storm syndrome that usually occurs in HTNV-infected patients. This is attained by elaborate crosstalk between Notch and NF-κB pathways. Mechanistically, Notch receptors activated by HTNV enhance NF-κB signaling by recruiting IKKβ and p65, promoting inflammatory macrophage polarization in both species. However, in mice rather than humans, Notch-mediated inflammation is timely restrained by a series of murine-specific long noncoding RNAs transcribed by the Notch pathway in a negative feedback manner. Among them, the lnc-ip65 detaches p65 from the Notch receptor and inhibits p65 phosphorylation, rewiring macrophages from the pro-inflammation to the pro-resolution phenotype. Genetic ablation of lnc-ip65 leads to destructive HTNV infection in mice. Thus, our findings reveal an immune-braking function of murine noncoding RNAs, offering a special therapeutic strategy for HTNV infection.

Pubmed ID: 38200007 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

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Associated grants

  • Agency: National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China),
    Id: 31970148
  • Agency: National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China),
    Id: 82202367

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