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THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on July 16, 2013. The objective of the project is the standardization of micro-satellite markers used within participating laboratories, use of DNA markers to define genetic diversity and to enable monitoring of breeds to promote conservation programs where required, and the determination of diversity present in rare and local breeds across Europe. The blood typing laboratories are now beginning to use micro-satellite markers as an alternative to serology for parentage verification, and are selecting a common set to be used from the several hundred micro-satellite markers available that cover the bovine genome, produced as part of the Bovine genome mapping project (See BovMaP). Work with micro-satellite markers has shown that they are valuable tools for examining genetic diversity and phylogeny in many species. However, for work carried out in different laboratories to be comparable, it is essential that the same markers are used. To maintain the compatibility of data generated by the various typing labs, it is essential that all laboratories adopt the same markers and typing protocols. It is therefore of paramount importance that the blood typing laboratories and research labs that are examining the genetic structure of the cattle populations adopt a common panel of the best micro-satellite markers available. Some pilot comparative work has been undertaken through the International Society for Animal Genetics, but so far this has only involved the blood typing laboratories. One objective of this project is to facilitate the comparison of the micro-satellite markers currently in use in the different types of laboratory and determine the efficiency of the markers available in revealing genetic differences within and among breeds. It will also be important to compare the use of markers in different laboratories to determine how robust they are and how easily results can be compared. From comparison of the markers, those that are most suitable will be selected to form a panel which will be recommended for pedigree validation and genetic surveys. Cattle are an important source of food in Europe, and intense selection has resulted in the development of specialized breeds. Selection for high-producing dairy cattle has been successful, but one associated drawback is that the cattle population, both in Europe and North America, has been skewed dramatically towards one breed, the Holstein/Friesian. So there has been a decline in the number of individuals of other breeds, and hence a general erosion of the genetic base of the cattle population. The progressive move towards the North American-type Holstein animals has also resulted in the requirement for high input/high output farming and intensive management schemes. The impact of this on the environment has been significant, e.g. pollution problems arising from the need for high nitrogen fertilizers to produce sufficient high quality fodder, and disposal problems associated with slurry waste. Poorer areas of the community have been unable to compete with such farming systems, and are more suited to low input/low output farming using traditional stock. It is however the future perspective that is of greatest concern. It is impossible to predict requirements for cattle production - quality, production type, management systems, etc. The ability to switch rapidly to alternative production will be dependent on the genetic base of the population available to selection programs. It is therefore essential to maintain the greatest genetic diversity possible in the cattle population. Whilst current farming practices are perceived to be both efficient and acceptable, the breeds less favored by commercial farmers will dwindle. It is therefore important that on an European scale efficient management of these breeds maintains the widest genetic base possible. This project aims to carry out a survey of the current genetic base of the European cattle population and to provide the tools to assist breeding programs to maintain a broad base. The blood typing laboratories are now beginning to use micro-satellite markers as an alternative to serology for parentage verification, and are selecting a common set to be used from the several hundred micro-satellite markers available that cover the bovine genome, produced as part of the Bovine genome mapping project. Early work to measure genetic diversity used blood groups to show differences between breeds and the diversity present. Unfortunately, the number of loci available are limited, with only the B system being sufficiently polymorphic to be really useful. However, since there is a wealth of information available from such typing, this information can be used to estimate changes in the genetic structure of cattle populations across Europe over the past twenty years. More recently mini-satellite probes have been used to generate ''genetic fingerprints'' which have been used to show differences between individuals. Such fingerprints have been used to estimate genetic diversity - the greater the number of bands revealed by the fingerprint being equated with greater diversity. This is valid within limits. The main disadvantage of the fingerprint approach is that the chromosomal location and number of loci being sampled, and so the proportion of the genome examined, is unknown. The allelic bands on the gel cannot be easily identified, so allele inheritance cannot be addressed making it impossible to trace ancestry. Through the EC funded BovMaP project, large numbers of highly polymorphic micro-satellite markers have become available, which are being mapped on the bovine genome. These markers are particularly suited to measuring genetic diversity, and markers can be selected to cover the entire genome.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented August 22, 2016. Database containing information on the cattle genome comprising loci list, phenes list, homology query, cattle maps, gene list, and chromosome homology. The objective of BovMap is to develop a set of anchored loci for the cattle genome map. In total, 58 clones were hybridized with chromosomes and identified loci on 22 of the 31 different bovine chromosomes. Three clones contained satellite DNA. Two or more markers were placed on 12 chromosomes. Sequencing of the microsatellites and flanking regions was performed directly from 43 cosmids, as previously reported. Primers were developed for 39 markers and used to describe the polymorphism associated with the corresponding loci. Users are also allowed to summit their own data for Bovmap. An integrated cytogenetic and meiotic map of the bovine genome has also been developed around the Bovmap database. One objective that Bovmap uses as the mapping strategy for the bovine genome uses large insert clones as a tool for physical mapping and as a source of highly polymorphic microsatellites for genetic typing.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on July 16, 2013. This website contains information about the mapping of the caprine genome. It contains loci list, phenes list, cartography, gene list, and other sequence information about goats. This website contains 731 loci, 271 genes, and 1909 homologue loci on 112 species. It also allows users to summit their own data for Goatmap. ARK-Genomics is not-for-profit and has collaborators from all over the world with an interest in farm animal genomics and genetics. ARK-Genomics was initially set up in 2000 with a grant awarded from the BBSRC IGF (Investigating Gene Function) initiative and from core resources of the Roslin Institute to provide a laboratory for automated analysis of gene expression using state-of-the-art genomic facilities. Since then, ARK-Genomics has expanded considerably, building up considerable expertise and resources.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

The Fungal Genetics Stock Center is a resource available to the Fungal Genetics research community and to educational and research organizations in general. While some fungi can cause disease in humans, most people have innate immunity against fungi. Some people with diseases of the immune system are at increased risk of infection by fungi. Drugs have been developed in the last 5 years that help with this. Fungal Genetics is the study of genes and genetic traits in fungi. In the past this has been important in the elucidation of what a gene is, what the genetic material is, how genes relate to enzymes, how enzymes relate to traits and how important traits change or evolve. In the present, Fungal Genetics is important to understanding how fungi are pathogens of plants and animals, how fungi can be used in industry for the production of enzymes, chemicals, food, and drugs. Fungi are also essential to processing bio-mass in the attempt to use ethanol as a fuel source. The FGSC is funded largely by a grant from the National Science Foundation (Award Number 0235887) of the United States of America. Sponsors: Supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

This website is intended to be the definitive source of information on the bovine major histocompatibility complex - its genes, proteins and polymorphism. Its purpose is to collate data on the Bovine Leucocyte Antigens (BoLA) and provide a forum for the analysis and nomenclature of polymorphisms in the genes and proteins of the bovine MHC. The BoLA nomenclature committee is a standing committee of the International Society for Animal Genetics. Its purpose is to collate data on the Bovine Leucocyte Antigens (BoLA) and provide a forum for the analysis and nomenclature of polymorphisms in the genes and proteins of the bovine MHC. The information gathered here is based on the BoLA workshop reports, which are published in Animal Genetics and the European Journal of Immunogenetics. The workshop report data are reproduced with the permission of the publishers Blackwell Science, and other text on the site is used with the permission of CRC Press.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

This website includes a list of projects that the Sanger Institute is currently working on or completed. All projects consist of the genomic sequencing of different bacteria. Each description of the bacteria includes its classification, a description, and the types of diseases that the bacteria is likely to cause. The Sanger Institute bacterial sequencing effort is concentrated on pathogens and model organisms. Data is accessible in a number of ways; for each organism there is a BLAST server, allowing users to search the sequences with their own query and retrieve the matching contigs. Sequences can also be downloaded directly by FTP. Data is accessible in a number of ways; for each organism there is a BLAST server, allowing you to search the sequences with your own query and retrieve the matching contigs. Sequences can also be downloaded directly by FTP. The primary sequence viewer and annotation tool, Artemis is available for download. This is a portable Java program which is used extensively within the Microbial Genomes group for the analysis and annotation of sequence data from cosmids to whole genomes. The Artemis Comparison Tool (ACT) is also useful for interactive viewing of the comparisons between large and small sequences.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

Through its Microbial Genome Program (MGP) and its Genomics:GTL (GTL) program, DOEs Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) has sequenced more than 485 microbial genomes and 30 microbial communities having specialized biological capabilities. Identifying these genes will help investigators discern how gene activities in whole living systems are orchestrated to solve myriad life challenges. The MGP was begun in 1994 as a spinoff from the Human Genome Program. The goal of the program was to sequence the genomes of a number of nonpathogenic microbes that would be useful in solving DOE''s mission challenges in environmental-waste cleanup, energy production, carbon cycling, and biotechnology. Past projects include microbial genome program, microbial cell project, and the Laboratory Science Program at the DOE Joint Genome Institute. The two ongoing projects are Genomics: GTL program and Community Sequencing Program at the DOE Joint Genome Institute. Sponsors: Site sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on September 16,2025.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

The E. coli Genome Project has the goal of completely sequencing the E. coli and human genomes. They began isolation of an overlapping lambda clonebank of E. coli K-12 strain MG1655. Those clones served as the starting material in our initial efforts to sequence the whole genome. Improvements in sequencing technology have since reached the point where whole-genome sequencing of microbial genomes is routine, and the human genome has in fact been completed. They initiated additional sequencing efforts, concentrating on pathogenic members of the family Enterobacteriaceae -- to which E. coli belongs. They also began a systematic functional characterization of E. coli K-12 genes and their regulation, using the whole genome sequence to address how the over 4000 genes of this organism act together to enable its survival in a wide range of environments.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented August 18, 2016. Provides opportunities for information sharing and research collaboration among NIDAs networks across the country. It gives researchers and clinicians access to networks locations, people, expertise, and resources to help synergize efforts, improve efficiency, and accelerate scientific discovery. It currently consists of 14 networks and more than 230 sites involved in research and data collection sponsored by NIDA around the nation. The NNP was developed to provide the opportunity for these organizations to learn about each other and potentially work together on research collaboration and data collection in the future. In December 2008, NIDA added the first in a series of Research Interest Groups to the NNP to encourage more interdisciplinary collaboration among network and non-network grantees.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on August 19,2022. Human Gut Microbiome Initiative (HGMI) seeks to provide simply annotated, deep draft genome sequences for 100 cultured representatives of the phylogenetic diversity documented by 16S rRNA surveys of the human gut microbiota. Humans are supra-organisms, composed of 10 times more microbial cells than human cells. Therefore, it seems appropriate to consider ourselves as a composite of many species - human, bacterial, and archaeal - and our genome as an amalgamation of human genes and the genes in ''our'' microbial genomes (''microbiome''). In the same sense, our metabolome can be considered to be a synthesis of co-evolved human and microbial traits. The total number of genes present in the human microbiome likely exceeds the number of our H. sapiens genes by orders of magnitude. Thus, without an understanding of our microbiota and microbiome, it not possible to obtain a complete picture of our genetic diversity and of our normal physiology. Our intestine is home to our largest collections of microbes: bacterial densities in the colon (up to 1 trillion cells/ml of luminal contents) are the highest recorded for any known ecosystem. The vast majority of phylogenetic types in the distal gut microbiota belong to just two divisions (phyla) of the domain Bacteria - the Bacteroidetes and the Firmicutes. Members of eight other divisions have also been identified using culture-independent 16S rRNA gene-based surveys. Metagenomic studies of complex microbial communities residing in our various body habitats are limited by the availability of suitable reference genomes for confident assignment of short sequence reads generated by highly parallel DNA sequencers, and by knowledge of the professions (niches) of community members. Therefore, HGMI, which represents a collaboration between Washington University''s Genome Center and its Center for Genome Sciences, seeks to provide simply annotated, deep draft genome sequences for 100 cultured representatives of the phylogenetic diversity documented by 16S rRNA surveys of the human gut microbiota.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

The mission of the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center (ABRC) is to acquire, preserve and distribute seed and DNA resources that are useful to the Arabidopsis research community. More than 100,000 stocks are shipped annually to researchers in more than 60 countries, and modest fees for stocks are charged. The ABRC database functions and ordering system are incorporated into The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR). Researchers can obtain information about Arabidopsis, perform stock searches, order stocks, and view current and past orders. Sponsors: ABRC is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0542034.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

Glycoword presents up-to-the-minute glycoscience-related keywords, selected by researchers in various fields of the science and interpreted intelligibly by specialists with expertise on each of the fields in the hope of bringing about a better understanding of the rapidly growing modern glycoscience. The website contains information on the following: -lectin -proteoglycan -glycoprotein -glycolipid -saccharide -glycotechnology -glycopathology -glycogene -structural glycobiology -immunity & sugar chain -nervous system & sugar chain -comparative glycomics and life evolution -glycobiology in plant defense -infection & sugar chain -quality control, trafficking and sorting of glycoproteins -fertilization / development & sugar chain

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on August 26, 2016. A collection of cDNA, gene and protein records of cytokines deposited in public databases provides various information about the cytokine members of vertebrates in other databases including NCBI GenBank, Swiss-Prot, UniGene, TIGR (The Institute for Genomic Research) Gene Indices, Ensembl, Entrez Gene, Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and Rat Genome Database (RGD). It also provides orthologous relationship of cytokine members and includes novel members identified in the databases.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

This resource contains an alphabetical listing of the various mice knockout genes according to name. Each of the listing contains the phenotypical information observed when a particular gene is knocked out. Other information, such as papers associated to a particular gene and methodology used to conduct the knockout may also be present.<BR/> This resource contains 314 different knockout genes and provides various navigation tools for easy access.<BR/> Sponsors: This resource portal is supported by FBS.<BR/>

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

Database as a division of GenBank that contains sequence data and other information on single-pass cDNA sequences, or Expressed Sequence Tags, from a number of organisms.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

ARGH is an automated, accurate and scalable method by which acronym-definition pairs can be identified within text. Its primary advantage is in enabling information processing methods to resolve author-defined acronyms, however it also allows an automated creation of a reference work on acronym definitions.<BR/> ARGH has several advantages over manual or semi-automated methods, besides time and effort saved, such as enabling identification of relative frequencies for alternate acronyms and definitions as well as spelling, phrasing and hyphenation variants for a unique acronym-definition pair. It also aids users in identifying acronym/definition variants present in the literature that may not necessarily be in biomedical databases.<BR/> ARGH functions by a set of heuristics to accurately locate and identify the boundaries of acronym-definition pairs was developed and refined in terms of precision and recall on subsets of MEDLINE records. These training sets were gradually increased in size and heuristics re-evaluated to ensure scalability.<BR/> ARGH can be tested on over 12 million MEDLINE records, and it can identify more than 174,000 unique acronyms and their 737,000 associated definitions. Currently, it is the world''s largest and most comprehensive catalog of biomedical acronyms and abbreviations, containing approximately 257,000 out of an estimated 277,000 unique acronyms within MEDLINE.<BR/> Sponsors: ARGH is a service of UT Southwestern eTBLAST team.<BR/>

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, Documented on August 12, 2014. Database that identifies new regulatory elements in untranslated regions of protein-coding genes (5 prime flanks, 5 prime UTRs, introns, 3 prime UTRs and 3 prime flanks). The analyses is focused on genes from metazoan species (essentially vertebrates, insects and nematodes). Information on highly conserved regions (sequences, alignments, annotations, bibliographic references) are compiled. Currently 176 out of 326 detected highly conserved regions (HCRs) have been analyzed and incorporated in the database. You can also access the list of annotated conserved elements and the list of conserved elements that remain to be processed. Their approach is based on comparative sequence analysis, for the identification of phylogenetic footprints.

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• SciCrunch
• 13 years ago - by Anonymous

Alternative splicing essentially increases the diversity of the transcriptome and has important implications for physiology, development and the genesis of diseases. This resource uses a different approach to investigate alternative splicing (instead of the conventional case-by case fashion) and integrates all transcripts derived from a gene into a single splicing graph. ASG is a database of splicing graphs for human genes, using transcript information from various major sources (Ensembl, RefSeq, STACK, TIGR and UniGene). Each transcript corresponds to a path in the graph, and alternative splicing is displayed by bifurcations. This representation preserves the relationships between different splicing variants and allows us to investigate systematically all possible putative transcripts. Web interface allows users to display the splicing graphs, to interactively assemble transcripts and to access their sequences as well as neighboring genomic regions. ASG also provide for each gene, an exhaustive pre-computed catalog of putative transcriptsin total more than 1.2 million sequences. It has found that ~65 of the investigated genes show evidence for alternative splicing, and in 5 of the cases, a single gene might produce over 100 transcripts.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

HOVERGEN is a database of homologous vertebrate genes, structured under ACNUC sequence database management system. It allows one to select sets of homologous genes among vertebrate species, and to visualize multiple alignments and phylogenetic trees. HOVERGEN is particularly useful for comparative sequence analysis, phylogeny and molecular evolution studies. More generaly, HOVERGEN gives an overall view of what is known about a peculiar gene family.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous

A systems biology tool for simulation of kinetic models from a curated model database. JWS Online is both a repository of curated biochemical pathway models and a simulation tool for these models. Users are able to view the models in the database, select a particular model, alter its parameters and perform a simulation on it. JWS Online aims to provide a service to the Systems Biology community by 1) giving access to a database of curated models of biological systems, and 2) allowing the users to run these models in a web browser via an easy to use interface, and 3) helping in reviewing of manuscripts containing kinetic models. In addition to this service role, JWS Online is an important component of an ambitious research initiative: The Silicon Cell. Whereas as a service JWS Online is a repository of published models, in the research activity models are not stored as published but are changed to reflect standardized notation of metabolites and enzymes, and a direct link between model and experimental data is provided.

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• SciCrunch
• 17 years ago - by Anonymous