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Mechanical force regulates tendon extracellular matrix organization and tenocyte morphogenesis through TGFbeta signaling.

eLife | 2018

Mechanical forces between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) influence cell shape and function. Tendons are ECM-rich tissues connecting muscles with bones that bear extreme tensional force. Analysis of transgenic zebrafish expressing mCherry driven by the tendon determinant scleraxis reveals that tendon fibroblasts (tenocytes) extend arrays of microtubule-rich projections at the onset of muscle contraction. In the trunk, these form a dense curtain along the myotendinous junctions at somite boundaries, perpendicular to myofibers, suggesting a role as force sensors to control ECM production and tendon strength. Paralysis or destabilization of microtubules reduces projection length and surrounding ECM, both of which are rescued by muscle stimulation. Paralysis also reduces SMAD3 phosphorylation in tenocytes and chemical inhibition of TGFβ signaling shortens tenocyte projections. These results suggest that TGFβ, released in response to force, acts on tenocytes to alter their morphology and ECM production, revealing a feedback mechanism by which tendons adapt to tension.

Pubmed ID: 30475205 RIS Download

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Associated grants

  • Agency: NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R21 AR62792
  • Agency: NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AR67797
  • Agency: NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AR074541
  • Agency: NIAMS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AR067797
  • Agency: NIDCR NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 DE013828
  • Agency: NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 DE013828
  • Agency: NIAMS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R21 AR062792
  • Agency: NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R00 HD069533

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