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Self-Maintaining Gut Macrophages Are Essential for Intestinal Homeostasis.

Cell | 2018

Macrophages are highly heterogeneous tissue-resident immune cells that perform a variety of tissue-supportive functions. The current paradigm dictates that intestinal macrophages are continuously replaced by incoming monocytes that acquire a pro-inflammatory or tissue-protective signature. Here, we identify a self-maintaining population of macrophages that arise from both embryonic precursors and adult bone marrow-derived monocytes and persists throughout adulthood. Gene expression and imaging studies of self-maintaining macrophages revealed distinct transcriptional profiles that reflect their unique localization (i.e., closely positioned to blood vessels, submucosal and myenteric plexus, Paneth cells, and Peyer's patches). Depletion of self-maintaining macrophages resulted in morphological abnormalities in the submucosal vasculature and loss of enteric neurons, leading to vascular leakage, impaired secretion, and reduced intestinal motility. These results provide critical insights in intestinal macrophage heterogeneity and demonstrate the strategic role of self-maintaining macrophages in gut homeostasis and intestinal physiology.

Pubmed ID: 30173915 RIS Download

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


Gene Ontology (tool)

RRID:SCR_002811

Computable knowledge regarding functions of genes and gene products. GO resources include biomedical ontologies that cover molecular domains of all life forms as well as extensive compilations of gene product annotations to these ontologies that provide largely species-neutral, comprehensive statements about what gene products do. Used to standardize representation of gene and gene product attributes across species and databases.

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ArrayExpress (tool)

RRID:SCR_002964

International functional genomics data collection generated from microarray or next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms. Repository of functional genomics data supporting publications. Provides genes expression data for reuse to the research community where they can be queried and downloaded. Integrated with the Gene Expression Atlas and the sequence databases at the European Bioinformatics Institute. Contains a subset of curated and re-annotated Archive data which can be queried for individual gene expression under different biological conditions across experiments. Data collected to MIAME and MINSEQE standards. Data are submitted by users or are imported directly from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus.

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REViGO (tool)

RRID:SCR_005825

Web server that summarizes lists of Gene Ontology terms by removing redundant terms and visualizing the remaining ones in scatterplots, interactive graphs, treemaps, or tag clouds. Platform: Online tool

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SAM format (tool)

RRID:SCR_012093

A generic alignment format for storing read alignments against reference sequences, supporting short and long reads (up to 128 Mbp) produced by different sequencing platforms.

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RRID:AB_1227799

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RRID:AB_11203532

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GFP Antibody (antibody)

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IGOR Pro (software resource)

RRID:SCR_000325

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SAMTOOLS (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002105

Original SAMTOOLS package has been split into three separate repositories including Samtools, BCFtools and HTSlib. Samtools for manipulating next generation sequencing data used for reading, writing, editing, indexing,viewing nucleotide alignments in SAM,BAM,CRAM format. BCFtools used for reading, writing BCF2,VCF, gVCF files and calling, filtering, summarising SNP and short indel sequence variants. HTSlib used for reading, writing high throughput sequencing data.

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Imaris (software resource)

RRID:SCR_007370

Imaris provides range of capabilities for working with three dimensional images. Uses flexible editing and processing functions, such as interactive surface rendering and object slicing capabilities. And output to standard TIFF, Quicktime and AVI formats. Imaris accepts virtually all image formats that are used in confocal microscopy and many of those used in wide-field image acquisition.

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BD FACSDiva Software (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001456

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FlowJo (software resource)

RRID:SCR_008520

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GraphPad Prism (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002798

Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.

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RRID:IMSR_JAX:017455

Mus musculus with name B6;129-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(CAG-COP4*E123T*H134R.-tdTomato)Gfng/J from IMSR.

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B6.129(Cg)-Ccr2tm2.1Ifc/J (organism)

RRID:IMSR_JAX:017586

Mus musculus with name B6.129(Cg)-Ccr2tm2.1Ifc/J from IMSR.

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