Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders are very common, but suboptimal teaching of MSK medicine occurs and expert clinicians agree that MSK physical examination (PE) skills can be confusing and complicated for medical students. An innovative approach in introductory teaching of MSK PE skills was developed using constructivist theory for second-year medical students.

ActiGraph is the most common accelerometer in physical activity research, but it has measurement errors due to restrictive frequency filtering. This study investigated biomechanically how different frequency filtering of accelerometer data affects assessment of activity intensity and age-group differences when measuring physical activity. Data from accelerometer at the hip and motion capture system was recorded during treadmill walking and running from 30 subjects in three different age groups: 10, 15, and >20 years old. Acceleration data was processed to ActiGraph counts with original band-pass filter at 1.66 Hz, to counts with wider filter at either 4 or 10 Hz, and to unfiltered acceleration according to "Euclidian norm minus one" (ENMO). Internal and external power, step frequency, and vertical displacement of center of mass (VD) were estimated from the motion capture data. Widening the frequency filter improved the relationship between higher locomotion speed and counts. It also removed age-group differences and decreased within-group variation. While ActiGraph counts were almost exclusively explained by VD, the counts from the 10 Hz filter were explained by VD and step frequency to an equal degree. In conclusion, a wider frequency filter improves assessment of physical activity intensity by more accurately capturing individual gait patterns.

As providers of a large portion of the care delivered at academic health centers, medical trainees have a unique perspective on medical error. Despite data suggesting that errors in physical examination (PE) can lead to adverse patient events, we are not aware of previous studies exploring medical trainee perceptions of the relationship between patient harm and inadequate PE. We investigated whether first-year residents at a large tertiary care academic medical center perceive inadequate PE as a cause of adverse patient events.

The objective of this study was to establish the level of inter-examiner reliability for six common cervical manual and physical examination procedures used to assess the cervical spine.

Due to the precautions put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilization of telemedicine has increased quickly for patient care and clinical trials. Unfortunately, teleconsultation is closer to a video conference than a medical consultation, with the current solutions setting the patient and doctor into an evaluation that relies entirely on a two-dimensional view of each other. We are developing a patented telehealth platform that assists with diagnostic testing of ocular manifestations of myasthenia gravis. We present a hybrid algorithm combining deep learning with computer vision to give quantitative metrics of ptosis and ocular muscle fatigue leading to eyelid droop and diplopia. The method works both on a fixed image and frame by frame of the video in real-time, allowing capture of dynamic muscular weakness during the examination. We then use signal processing and filtering to derive robust metrics of ptosis and l ocular misalignment. In our construction, we have prioritized the robustness of the method versus accuracy obtained in controlled conditions in order to provide a method that can operate in standard telehealth conditions. The approach is general and can be applied to many disorders of ocular motility and ptosis.

The use of telemedicine has dramatically increased due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Many neurosurgeons are now using telemedicine technologies for preoperative evaluations and routine outpatient visits. Our goal was to standardize the telemedicine motor neurologic examination, summarize the evidence surrounding clinical use of telehealth technologies, and discuss financial and legal considerations.

Clinicians rely on certain physical examination tests to diagnose and potentially grade ankle sprains and ankle instability. Diagnostic error and inaccurate prognosis may have important repercussions for clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. Therefore, it is important to recognize the diagnostic value of orthopaedic tests through understanding the reliability and validity of these tests.

Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) often present with a variety of physical findings reflecting a volume or pressure overloaded right ventricle (RV). However, there is no consensus regarding the diagnostic utility of the physical examination in PH.

Standardized patients are widely used in training of medical students, both in teaching and assessment. They also frequently lead complete training sessions delivering physical examination skills without the aid of faculty teaching staff-acting as "patient instructors" (PIs). An important part of this training is their ability to provide detailed structured feedback to students which has a strong impact on their learning success. Yet, to date no study has assessed the quality of physical examination related feedback by PIs. Therefore, we conducted a randomized controlled study comparing feedback of PIs and faculty staff following a physical examination assessed by students and video assessors.

The physical examination is one of the cornerstones of the diagnostic process in patients with acute shoulder injuries. The discriminative properties of a given examination test depend both on its validity and reliability. The aim of the present study was to assess the interrater reliability of 13 physical examination manoeuvres for acute rotator cuff tears in patients with acute soft tissue shoulder injuries.

Physical activity is critical for weight loss maintenance and cardiometabolic disease prevention after metabolic/bariatric surgery (MBS), but few patients meet recommended levels. While difficulties meeting physical activity recommendations are common in the general population, those who have undergone MBS may have unique psychological barriers to activity that impede success, including negative associations with physical activity that are related to a long history with obesity, weight stigma, and physical limitations. This qualitative study aimed to better understand the positive and negative emotional experiences of post-MBS patients with regard to physical activity to inform the development of an emotion-focused intervention to increase physical activity after MBS.

Physical Examination (PE) skills are vital for patient care, and many medical students receive their first introduction to them in their pre-clinical years. A substantial amount of curriculum time is devoted to teaching these skills in most schools. Little is known about the best way to introduce PE skills to novice learners.

In a large sample representative of the US adult noninstitutionalized population, among participants with CKD stages 3–5, anemia was associated with a significantly lower level of physical activity. The presence of CKD and anemia showed a positive interaction on physical functioning outcomes. Among participants with CKD, physical functioning was worse in patients with anemia compared with those without anemia.

Participation in regular physical activity is associated with a multitude of health benefits across the life course. However, many people fail to meet PA recommendations. Despite a plethora of studies, the evidence regarding the environmental (physical) determinants of physical activity remains inconclusive.

The purpose of this study was to determine if correlations exist between strength and mobility and psychological measures of anxiety and depression in community-dwelling older adults.

To review the literature, identify and describe commonly used special tests for diagnosing injury to the ligaments of the ankle complex, present the distinguishing characteristics and limitations of each test, and discuss the current evidence for the clinical use of each test.

Background: Cervical insufficiency, the dilation of the cervix in the absence of contractions or labor, can cause second-trimester pregnancy loss or preterm birth. Cervical cerclage is a common treatment for cervical insufficiency and has 3 indications for placement: history, physical examination, and ultrasound. The purpose of this study was to compare pregnancy and birth outcomes for physical examination- and ultrasound-indicated cerclage. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational descriptive review of second-trimester obstetric patients with transcervical cerclage performed by residents at a single tertiary care medical center from January 1, 2006, to January 1, 2020. We present data on all patients and compare outcomes between the 2 study groups: patients who received physical examination-indicated cerclage vs those who received ultrasound-indicated cerclage. Results: Cervical cerclage was placed on 43 patients at a mean gestational age of 20.4 ± 2.4 weeks (range, 14 to 25 weeks) and with a mean cervical length of 1.53 ± 0.5 cm (range, 0.4 to 2.5 cm). With a latency period of 11.8 ± 5.7 weeks, mean gestational age at delivery was 32.1 ± 6.2 weeks. Fetal/neonatal survival rates were comparable: 80% (16/20) for the physical examination group compared to 82.6% (19/23) for the ultrasound group. No differences were found between groups for gestational age at delivery-31.5 ± 6.8 in the physical examination group vs 32.6 ± 5.8 in the ultrasound group (P=0.581)-or for preterm birth <37 weeks-65.0% (13/20) in the physical examination group vs 65.2% (15/23) in the ultrasound group (P=1.000). Rates of maternal morbidity and neonatal intensive care unit morbidity were similar between the groups. No cases of immediate operative complications or maternal deaths occurred. Conclusion: Pregnancy outcomes for physical examination- and ultrasound-indicated cerclage placed by residents at a tertiary academic medical center were similar. Fetal/neonatal survival and preterm birth rates were favorable for physical examination-indicated cerclage when compared to other published studies.

Primary care-based memory clinics were established to meet the needs of persons with memory concerns. We aimed to identify: 1) physical examination maneuvers required to assess persons with possible dementia in specialist-supported primary care-based memory clinics, and 2) the best-suited clinicians to perform these maneuvers in this setting.

The aim of our study was to determine if the combination of physical examination (PE), serum transaminases along with Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) would effectively rule out major hepatic injuries (HIs) after blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) in hemodynamically stable pediatric patients.

Although the association of food-specific IgG with the development and progression of specific diseases was shown by many studies, it is also present in the population without clinical symptoms. However, the association between food-specific IgG and physical examination outcomes in healthy people has not been studied yet.