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Azobenzene disperse dyes (azo DDs) are well-known as textile allergens, but the knowledge of their occurrence in garments is low. The numerous azo DDs and dye components found in textiles constitute a potential health risk, but only seven azo DDs are included in the European baseline patch test series (EBS).
This paper describes the deuterium-labelling of alkylnitroaromatics by base-catalysed exchange with deuterium oxide. As the alkyl protons alpha to the aromatic ring are the most acidic sites in the molecule, regioselective hydrogen isotope exchange at this benzylic location leads to a regiospecifically deuterated product. The exchange labelling takes place in good yields and with high atom% abundance in the presence of an appropriate nitrogen base. Alkylated 2,4-dinitrobenzenes deuterate at room temperature under catalysis by triethylamine, whilst alkylated 2-nitro- or 4-nitrobenzenes and related mono-nitroaromatics require higher temperatures and catalysis by 1,5-diazobicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN). The labelling reactions require an inert gas atmosphere, but otherwise are simple and high yielding with no obvious byproducts. Those compounds in which the benzylic protons are in an ortho-orientation with respect to the nitro group label somewhat more slowly than the analogues where there is a para relationship. In addition, higher alkyl homologues undergo benzylic deuteration at slower rates than methyl.
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