This service exclusively searches for literature that cites resources. Please be aware that the total number of searchable documents is limited to those containing RRIDs and does not include all open-access literature.
Response to nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy against HBV infection depends on a number of factors. One of them is appearance of drug resistance mutations. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of ETV and TDF as anti-HBV agents and to analyze the role of HBV-RT mutations in reducing the efficacy of mentioned drugs.
AMPK is the key switch for providing the energy balance between cellular anabolic and catabolic processes. In this study, we aimed to screen the PRKAG1 (AMPKγ1) gene in high, moderate, and low producing Holstein dairy cows. A sample of 100 pregnant dairy cows, comprising 41 high, 33 moderate, and 26 low milk yields were selected from three large dairy herds in Isfahan province of Iran. Body condition score (BCS) was estimated before parturition while beta hydroxyl butyric acid (BHBA) as a measure of ketone bodies was measured at the fifth day postpartum. In addition, using three primer pairs covering exons 2-11 and 3'-UTR of the PRKAG1 gene, a random sample of 10 high milk yield dairy cows were amplified and sequenced. The sequencing results showed the presence of a T12571C mutation in intron 6 and a T14280C mutation in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the PRKAG1 gene. Following a PCR reaction for amplification of the 3'-UTR amplicons, single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) assay was implemented for discrimination of the mutation in the studied population. Then, we evaluated if the mutation associates with the BCS, serum BHBA level, and production traits. The experimental analysis showed that the mutated allele significantly increased the BHBA level, BCS, as well as milk and protein yield. Bioinformatic study revealed that this 3'-UTR mutation distorts the target site of mir-423-5p microRNA which is one of the most highly expressed microRNAs in the bovine mammary gland, liver, and kidney. Given the role of AMPK in energy metabolism, the newly identified 3'-UTR mutation highlights the importance of AMPK and suggests a role of miRNAs for regulation of cellular metabolism, metabolism disorders, and production traits in Holstein dairy cows.
Dysfunction of vascular endothelium is known to have an essential role in the atherosclerotic process by releasing mediators including nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide maintains endothelial balance by controlling cellular processes of vascular smooth muscle cells. Evidence suggests that variations in the NO pathway could include atherosclerotic events. The objective of this study was to determine the possible effects of genes on the nitric oxide pathway in the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The blood samples of 100 patients with ACS and 100 controls were collected at Istanbul University, Department of Cardiology. DNA samples were genotyped by using Illumina Cyto-SNP-12 BeadChip. The additive model and Correlation/Trend Test were selected for association analysis. Afterwards, a Q-Q graphic was drawn to compare expected and obtained values. A Manhattan plot was produced to display p-values that were generated by -log10(P) function for each SNP. The p-values under 1×10(-4) were selected as statistically significant SNPs while p-values under 5×10(-2) were considered as suspicious biomarker candidates. Nitric oxide pathway analysis was then used to find the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to ACS. As a result, death-associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK) (rs10426955) was found to be most statistically significant SNP. The most suspicious biomarker candidates associated with the nitric oxide pathway analysis were vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA), nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), and GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH-1). Further studies with large sample groups are necessary to clarify the exact role of nitric oxide in the development of disease.
Vasa is an essential gene for germ cell development belonging to the DEAD-box family. In this study, we comparatively analyzed the expression characteristics of vasa in diploids, triploids, and tetraploids. The sequences showed high similarity among these fish and other vertebrates, with characteristic domains. Tissue expression analysis revealed that vasa was expressed exclusively in the gonad of different ploidy fishes. During embryogenesis, vasa expression was lower in diploid than in triploid and tetraploid fish, caused by doubling of the genome of tetraploids and abnormal gonads in the triploid fish. In adults, vasa mRNA levels were significantly lower in the testes of sterile triploid fish compared with fertile diploids and tetraploids. In the ovaries, triploid fish showed consistently high expression from the non-breeding season to the breeding season. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting results also supported the abnormal expression of vasa in triploid gonads. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that fish of different ploidy exhibit different expression patterns of vasa that contribute to the differentiation of gonadal development.
Cockayne Syndrome (CS) is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes neurological regression, growth failure and dysmorphic features. We describe a Chinese female child with CS caused by deletions of exon 4 of ERCC8 on one chromosome and exons 1-12 on the other chromosome. By using chromosomal microarray, multiplex ligation-dependant probe analysis and long range PCR, we showed that she inherited a 277 kb deletion affecting the whole ERCC8 gene from the mother and a complex rearrangement resulting in deletion of exon 4 together with a 1,656 bp inversion of intron 4 from the father. A similar complex rearrangement has been reported in four unrelated Japanese CS patients. Analysis of the deletion involving exon 4 identified LINE and other repeat elements that may predispose the region to deletions, insertions and inversions. The patient also had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a rare co-existing feature in patients with CS. More research will be needed to further understand the endocrine manifestations in CS patients.
Because of the recent discovery of brown adipose tissues tissue in adult humans, brown adipose tissues have garnered additional attention. Many studies have attempted to transform the precursor cells within the white adipocyte cultures to Brite (brown-in-white) cells by using genomic modification or pharmacological activation in order to determine the therapeutic effect of obesity. However, genome-scale analysis of the genetic factors governing the development of white and brown adipose tissues remains incomplete. In order to identify the key genes that regulate the development of white and brown adipose tissues in mice, a transcriptome analysis was performed on the adipose tissues. Network analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated that Trim30 and Ucp3 play pivotal roles in energy balance and glucose homeostasis. In addition, it was discovered that identical biological processes and pathways in the white and brown adipose tissues might be regulated by different genes. Trim30 and Ucp3 might be used as genetic markers to precisely represent the stage of obesity during the early and late stages of adipose tissue development, respectively. These results may provide a stepping-stone for future obesity-related studies.
Long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligases (ACSLs) play crucial roles in fatty acid (FA) metabolism. They convert free long-chain FA into acyl-CoAs, which are key intermediates in both anabolic and catabolic pathways. A long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase gene was cloned in the clam Meretrix meretrix (MmeACSL1), with a full-length cDNA of 1865 bp encoding 475 amino acids. Its expression was only detected in hepatopancreas by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Expression level of MmeACSL1 exhibited a significant increase in a starvation experiment (P<0.05). This indicates that MmeACSL1 plays an important role in normal metabolism of M. meretrix and may be involved in energy supply and storage. Two exon SNPs and six intron SNPs were developed in this gene by direct sequencing. A marker-trait association analysis showed that five of these SNPs were significantly associated with growth traits (P<0.05). Also, haplotypes comprised of the five SNPs were revealed to be significantly growth-related (P<0.05), which further corroborates the relationship of this gene to growth traits of M. meretrix.
The positive regulatory domain containing 16 (PRDM16) is commonly regarded as a "switch" controlling the transdifferentiation of myoblasts to brown adipocytes. The N-positive regulatory (PR) domain, which is highly homologous to SET domain, is a characteristic structure for the PRDM family. Many SET domain containing proteins and several PRDM members have been found to possess histone methyltransferase activity, yet the role of PRDM16 and its PR domain in the epigenetic regulation of myogenic and adipogenic genes during myoblasts/adipocytes transdifferentiation remains unexplored. In this study, we transfected C2C12 myoblasts to stably express PRDM16 and observed the repression of myogenic genes and activation of adipogenic genes at both proliferation and differentiation stages. Ectopic PRDM16-induced reprogramming of myogenic and adipogenic genes was associated with the hypermethylation on some CpG sites in the enhancer or promoter of MyoD and myogenin, but the methylation status of PPARγ promoter was not affected. C2C12 cells expressing truncated PRDM16 lacking PR domain (ΔPR-PRDM16) demonstrated attenuation of both adipogenic and myogenic potentials, indicated by PPARγ inactivation and decreased triglyceride deposition, as well as a downregulation of MyoD, MyHC and MCK genes, as compared with C2C12 cells expressing intact PRDM16. Furthermore, C2C12 cells expressing ΔPR-PRDM16 exhibited significant differences in histone modifications on the promoters of MyoD and PPARγ genes. Taken together, PRDM16-induced C2C12 transdifferentiation is associated with alterations in CpG methylation of myogenic factors, and PR domain affects both myogenesis and adipogenesis with modified histone methylation marks on MyoD and PPARγ promoters.
In insect, juvenile hormone (JH) titers are tightly regulated in different development stages through synthesis and degradation pathways. During JH degradation, JH epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) converts JH to JH diol, and hydrolyses JH acid to JH acid diol. In this study, two full length LdJHEH cDNAs were cloned from Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and were provisionally designated LdJHEH1 and LdJHEH2. Both mRNAs were detectable in the thoracic muscles, brain-corpora cardiaca-corpora allata complex, foregut, midgut, hindgut, ventral ganglia, Malpighian tubules, fat bodies, epidermis, and hemocytes of the day 2 fourth-instar larvae, and in female ovaries as well as male reproductive organs of the adults. Moreover, both LdJHEH1 and LdJHEH2 were expressed throughout all larval life, with the highest peaks occurring 32h after ecdysis of the final (fourth) instar larvae. Four double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) (dsJHEH1-1, dsJHEH1-2, dsJHEH2-1, dsJHEH2-2) respectively targeting LdJHEH1 and LdJHEH2 were constructed and bacterially expressed. Ingestion of dsJHEH1-1, dsJHEH1-2, dsJHEH2-1, dsJHEH2-2, and a mixture of dsJHEH1-1+dsJHEH2-1 successfully knocked down corresponding target gene function, and significantly increased JH titer and upregulated Krüppel homolog 1 (LdKr-h1) mRNA level. Knockdown of either LdJHEH1 or LdJHEH2, or both genes slightly reduced larval weight and delayed larval development, and significantly impaired adult emergence. Therefore, it is suggested that knockdown LdJHEH1 and LdJHEH2 affected JH degradation in the Colorado potato beetle.
Mitochondrial genomes can provide basic information for phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary studies. We present here the mitochondrial genome of Cynoglossus gracilis, which is 16,565bp in length. Numerous distinct regions were identified, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, a light-strand replication origin, and a control region. Interestingly, we detected rearrangement of genes in C. gracilis, including a control region translocation, tRNA(Gln) gene inversion, and tRNA(Ile) gene shuffling. Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of the 13 PCGs using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods reveals that C. gracilis is closely related to Cynoglossus semilaevis. This study provides important mitogenomic data for analyzing phylogenetic relationships in the Cynoglossinae.
Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) regulates bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggered anti-bacterial immune response as a broker between LPS and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In this study, we identified a novel naturally occurring spliceosome of human MD2, termed as MD2-T3. This transcript lacked two exons of MD2 gene. By protein structure analysis and literature review, we predicted that MD2-T3 isoform might execute regulatory biological effects such as limiting LPS-triggered TLR4 signaling.
The study employs draft genome sequence data to explore p-nitrophenol (PNP) degradation activity of Pseudomonas putida strain SF-1 at a genomic scale. Annotation analysis proposes that the strain SF1 not only possesses the gene cluster for PNP utilization but also for the utilization of benzoate, catechol, hydroxybenzoate, protocatechuate, and homogentisate. Further, the analysis was carried out to understand more details of PNP 4-monooxygenase and its regulator. A comparative analysis of PNP 4-monooxygenase from SF1 was carried out for prediction of its tertiary structure; and also its binding affinity with PNP, FAD, NADH and NADPH using FlexX docking. The tertiary structure of regulator was also predicted along with its conserved DNA binding residues. Regulator binding site (RBS) and promoter region were mapped for the PNP degradation gene cluster. Based on genome sequence analysis, the study unveiled the genomic attributes for a versatile catabolic potential of Pseudomonas putida strain SF-1 for different aromatic compounds.
Flammulina velutipes is one of the most widely cultivated mushroom species in China. However, its genetic background remains poorly understood due to the limited sampling and poor molecular markers used. In this study, 124 F. velutipes strains were employed, including 110 cultivars and 14 wild strains, and 25 new SSR markers were developed based on the genome of F. velutipes. A total of 153 alleles were detected in 124 strains to investigate the improper cultivar naming, genetic diversity and breeding history of F. velutipes in China. Our fingerprinting analyses indicated that 65 strains can be differentiated from the total of 124 strains, and over 53% of the strains are labeled with improper commercial names. The genetic diversities of wild strains are higher than those of the cultivars, suggesting that wild strains may harbor a large "arsenal" gene pool in nature available for strain breeding. The white cultivars in China were originally introduced from Japan, while the yellow cultivars were directly domesticated from wild strains isolated from southeastern China or hybridized between the white cultivars and yellow strains.
Myosin is a key protein involved in regulating the shape and motility of cells. The MYH9 and MYH14 genes, which encode non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC II-A) and IIC (NMMHC II-C), respectively, are expressed in the inner ear. These myosin genes are known to be associated with autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL); however, genetic studies in patients with ADNSHL in Korea have rarely been reported.
NKX2.5 plays important roles in heart development. Being a transcription factor, NKX2.5 exerts its biological functions in nucleus. However, the sequence motif that localize NKX2.5 into nucleus is still not clear. Here, we found a R/K-rich sequence motif from Q187 to R197 (QNRRYKCKRQR) was required for exclusive nuclear localization of NKX2.5. Eight truncated plasmids (E109X, Q149X, Q170X, Q187X, Q198X, Y256X, Y259X, and C264X) which were associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) were constructed. Compared with the wild type NKX2.5, the proteins E109X, Q149X, Q170X, Q187X without intact homeodomain (HD) showed no transcriptional activity while Q198X, Y256X, Y259X and C264X with intact HD showed 50 to 66% transcriptional activity. E109X, Q149X, Q170X, Q187X without intact HD localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus simultaneously and Q198X, Y256X, Y259X and C264X with intact HD localized completely in nucleus. These results inferred the indispensability of 187QNRRYKCKRQR197 in exclusive nucleus localization. Additionally, this sequence motif was very conservative among human, mouse and rat, indicating this motif was important for NKX2.5 function. Thus, we concluded that R/K-rich sequence motif 187QNRRYKCKRQR197 played a central role for NKX2.5 nuclear localization. Our findings provided a clue to understand the mechanisms between the truncated NKX2.5 mutants and CHD.
Retinoblastoma binding protein 4 (RBBP4) is a nuclear protein with four WD-repeat sequences and thus belongs to a highly conserved subfamily of proteins with such domains. This retinoblastoma-binding protein plays an important role in nucleosome assembly and histone modification, which influences gene transcription and regulates cell cycle and proliferation. Artemia sinica (brine shrimp) undergoes an unusual diapause process under stress conditions of high salinity and low temperature. However, the role of RBBP4 in diapause termination of embryo development in A. sinica remains unknown. Here, the full-length cDNA of the As-rbbp4 gene was obtained from A. sinica and found to contain 1411 nucleotides, including a 1281 bp open reading frame (ORF), 63 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and a 67-bp 3'-UTR, which encodes a 427 amino acid (48 kDa) protein. Bioinformatic analysis indicated As-RBBP4 to be mainly located in the nucleus, with a theoretical isoelectric point of 4.79. Protein sequence domain analysis showed that As-RBBP4 is a conserved protein, especially in the WD40 domain. No specificity in expression of this gene was observed in tissues or organs by in situ hybridization. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses of As-RBBP4 gene and protein expression, respectively, showed notably high levels at 10 h and a subsequent downward trend. Obvious trends in upregulation of As-RBBP4 were observed under conditions of low temperature and high salinity stress. As-E2F1 and As-CyclinE also presented similar trends as that of As-RBBP4 in Western blots. Analysis of the RBBP4 expression in early embryonic development of A. sinica indicated that this protein plays an important role in diapause termination and cell cycle regulation.
Polymorphisms in Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) and Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) might be associated with schizophrenia; however, the conclusions of relevant studies were inconsistent across different ethnic populations. This population-based case-control study was carried out to determine whether polymorphisms in these two genes could be associated with schizophrenia in the Chinese population. A case-control study of 248 schizophrenia patients and 236 controls was performed with the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. The results revealed that the DISC1 rs821616 heterozygous (AT vs. AA: adjusted OR, 1.98, 95%CI: 1.30-3.02) and co-dominant (AT/TT vs. AA: adjusted OR=1.94; 95%CI: 1.29-2.92) patterns were associated with increased risk for developing schizophrenia in all participants and subgroups (stratified by sex and age at onset), respectively. Moreover, in the male subgroup, the DISC1 rs821597 genotype GA or GA/AA exhibited increased risk of schizophrenia. For NRG1 polymorphisms, in the early onset subgroup (≤25years), the rs3924999 G/G genotype was susceptible to schizophrenia. The interaction of DISC1 rs821616 T allele with the NRG1 rs3924999 A allele or that of DISC1 rs821597 A allele with NRG1 rs3924999 A allele had synergic effects on the development of schizophrenia. This study concluded that carriers of the DISC1 rs821616 T allele have increased risk for developing schizophrenia, and that the DISC1 rs821597 A allele was susceptible to schizophrenia for the male, and that there are marked interactions between the DISC1 rs821616 T and/or rs821597 A alleles and the NRG1 rs3924999 A allele for the development of schizophrenia.
The dysregulation of miRNA expression has frequently been observed in breast cancer. Therefore, we investigated the expression profile of miRNAs that may be associated with expression of the FHIT gene in breast cancer and assessed their clinicopathological significance. The expression levels of miR-143, miR-663a, miR-668, miR-922 and FHIT were analyzed in normal and malignant breast tissues from 65 patients with breast cancer. We studied the correlation between the expression of miR-143, miR-663a, miR-668, miR-922 and FHIT and the clinicopathological features presented by the patients. The expression levels of the miRNAs and FHIT were downregulated in breast cancer tissue. The expression levels of miR-143, miR-663a and miR-668 were significantly reduced in FHIT downregulated tumors. miR-668 expression was also significantly altered relative to FHIT down- and up- regulated tumor tissues. Reduced miR-663a expression was statistically associated with high-grade ER/PR (+) status, benign reactive hyperplasia, lymph-node metastasis, in-situ component >25% and Ki 67>15% compared with non-tumor tissues. Additionally, reduced miR-668 expression was significantly different between tumors with and without lymph-node metastasis. miR-668 may play an important role in breast cancer development and progression by regulating the expression of FHIT. Furthermore, miR-668 and miR-663a may be potential prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer.
The family of JADE proteins includes three paralogues encoded by individual genes and designated PHF17 (JADE1), PHF16 (JADE2), and PHF15 (JADE3). All three JADE proteins bear in tandem two Plant Homeo-domains (PHD) which are zinc finger domains. This review focuses on one member of the JADE family, JADE1. Studies addressing the biochemical, cellular and biological role of JADE1 are discussed. Recent discoveries of JADE1 function in the regulation of the epithelial cell cycle with potential relevance to disease are presented. Unresolved questions and future directions are formulated.
l-Asparaginase is an antineoplastic agent that selectively reduces the level of l-asparagine in blood and diminishes the proliferation of cancerous cells. Studies were carried out on the cloning and heterologous expression of l-asparaginase biosynthesis gene (ansA) from Nocardiopsis alba NIOT-VKMA08 to achieve the stable inducible system that overproduces the glutaminase-free recombinant l-asparaginase. Overexpression of recombinant l-asparaginase was achieved with an optimized final concentration of 1.5mM of isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside (IPTG) and the enzyme was expressed as a soluble protein. The recombinant enzyme was purified using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) chromatography and the purified enzyme disclosed an elevated level of asparaginase activity (158.1IU/mL). Optimum pH and temperature of the purified l-asparaginase for the hydrolysis of l-asparagine were 8.0 and 37°C and it was very specific for its natural substrate, l-asparagine. Detailed studies were carried out on the kinetics of enzyme reaction, catalytic activity, temperature and ionic strength and the thermostability of the l-asparaginase enzyme. The functional characterisation of the recombinant l-asparaginase was studied through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), in silico sequence analysis and protein structural modelling. Glutaminase activity was not detected in the recombinant l-asparaginase, which could reduce the probable side effects during leukaemia therapy.
Welcome to the FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org Resources search. From here you can search through a compilation of resources used by FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org and see how data is organized within our community.
You are currently on the Community Resources tab looking through categories and sources that FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org has compiled. You can navigate through those categories from here or change to a different tab to execute your search through. Each tab gives a different perspective on data.
If you have an account on FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org then you can log in from here to get additional features in FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org such as Collections, Saved Searches, and managing Resources.
Here is the search term that is being executed, you can type in anything you want to search for. Some tips to help searching:
You can save any searches you perform for quick access to later from here.
We recognized your search term and included synonyms and inferred terms along side your term to help get the data you are looking for.
If you are logged into FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org you can add data records to your collections to create custom spreadsheets across multiple sources of data.
Here are the facets that you can filter your papers by.
From here we'll present any options for the literature, such as exporting your current results.
If you have any further questions please check out our FAQs Page to ask questions and see our tutorials. Click this button to view this tutorial again.
Year:
Count: