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Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin protein. We have previously demonstrated that the cell signalling of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is altered in a mouse model of HD. Although mGluR5-dependent protective pathways are more activated in HD neurons, intracellular Ca²⁺ release is also more pronounced, which could contribute to excitotoxicity. In the present study, we aim to investigate whether mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) could activate protective pathways without triggering high levels of Ca²⁺ release and be neuroprotective in HD.
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the amino-terminal region of the huntingtin protein (htt), leading to motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, psychiatric alterations, and death. The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) has been implicated in HD and we have recently demonstrated that mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) are neuroprotective in vitro. In the present study we demonstrate that the mGluR5 PAM, CDPPB, is a potent neuroprotective drug, in vitro and in vivo, capable of delaying HD-related symptoms. The HD mouse model, BACHD, exhibits many HD features, including neuronal cell loss, htt aggregates, motor incoordination and memory impairment. However, chronic treatment of BACHD mice with CDPPB 1.5 mg/kg s.c. for 18 weeks increased the activation of cell signaling pathways important for neuronal survival, including increased AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and augmented the BDNF mRNA expression. CDPPB chronic treatment was also able to prevent the neuronal cell loss that takes place in the striatum of BACHD mice and decrease htt aggregate formation. Moreover, CDPPB chronic treatment was efficient to partially ameliorate motor incoordination and to rescue the memory deficit exhibited by BACHD mice. Importantly, no toxic effects or stereotypical behavior were observed upon CDPPB chronic treatment. Thus, CDPPB is a potential drug to treat HD, preventing neuronal cell loss and htt aggregate formation and delaying HD symptoms.
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