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Multisite Phosphorylation of S6K1 Directs a Kinase Phospho-code that Determines Substrate Selection.

Molecular cell | 2019

Multisite phosphorylation of kinases can induce on-off or graded regulation of catalytic activity; however, its influence on substrate specificity remains unclear. Here, we show that multisite phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) alters target selection. Agonist-inducible phosphorylation of glutamyl-prolyl tRNA synthetase (EPRS) by S6K1 in monocytes and adipocytes requires not only canonical phosphorylation at Thr389 by mTORC1 but also phosphorylation at Ser424 and Ser429 in the C terminus by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). S6K1 phosphorylation at these additional sites induces a conformational switch and is essential for high-affinity binding and phosphorylation of EPRS, but not canonical S6K1 targets, e.g., ribosomal protein S6. Unbiased proteomic analysis identified additional targets phosphorylated by multisite phosphorylated S6K1 in insulin-stimulated adipocytes-namely, coenzyme A synthase, lipocalin 2, and cortactin. Thus, embedded within S6K1 is a target-selective kinase phospho-code that integrates signals from mTORC1 and Cdk5 to direct an insulin-stimulated, post-translational metabolon determining adipocyte lipid metabolism.

Pubmed ID: 30612880 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

Additional research tools detected in this publication

Antibodies used in this publication

Associated grants

  • Agency: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P01 HL029582
  • Agency: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P01 HL076491
  • Agency: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 GM086430

Publication data is provided by the National Library of Medicine ® and PubMed ®. Data is retrieved from PubMed ® on a weekly schedule. For terms and conditions see the National Library of Medicine Terms and Conditions.

This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


ATCC (tool)

RRID:SCR_001672

Global nonprofit biological resource center (BRC) and research organization that provides biological products, technical services and educational programs to private industry, government and academic organizations. Its mission is to acquire, authenticate, preserve, develop and distribute biological materials, information, technology, intellectual property and standards for the advancement and application of scientific knowledge. The primary purpose of ATCC is to use its resources and experience as a BRC to become the world leader in standard biological reference materials management, intellectual property resource management and translational research as applied to biomaterial development, standardization and certification. ATCC characterizes cell lines, bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa, as well as develops and evaluates assays and techniques for validating research resources and preserving and distributing biological materials to the public and private sector research communities.

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S6K antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_301427

This polyclonal targets S6K

View all literature mentions

IARS Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2620943

This unknown targets IARS

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eIF4B Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2293388

This polyclonal targets Eif4b

View all literature mentions

Phospho-mTOR (Ser2481) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2262884

This unknown targets mTOR, phospho (Ser2481)

View all literature mentions

Actin (C-11) (antibody)

RRID:AB_630835

This polyclonal targets ACTG1, ACTC1, ACTA1, ACTA2, ACTG2, ACTB

View all literature mentions

Phospho-eEF2k (Ser366) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2097313

This unknown targets eEF2k, phospho (Ser366)

View all literature mentions

Human/Mouse/Rat Mind Bomb 1/MIB1 Affinity Purified PAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_11127218

This polyclonal targets Human/Mouse/Rat Mind Bomb 1/MIB1 Affinity Purified PAb

View all literature mentions

Cdk5 (C-8) (antibody)

RRID:AB_631224

This polyclonal targets CDK5

View all literature mentions

Cortactin (H-5) (antibody)

RRID:AB_831187

This monoclonal targets CTTN

View all literature mentions

Phospho-p70 S6 Kinase (Ser371) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_330990

This polyclonal targets Phospho-p70 S6 Kinase (Ser371)

View all literature mentions

Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_330970

This polyclonal targets Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448)

View all literature mentions

S6K Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_11006602

This unknown targets S6K

View all literature mentions

His-probe (H-15) (antibody)

RRID:AB_631655

This polyclonal targets His-probe (H-15)

View all literature mentions

S6K Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_11019606

This unknown targets S6K

View all literature mentions

Phospho-eIF4B (Ser422) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2097522

This unknown targets eIF4B, phospho (Ser422)

View all literature mentions

Phospho-S6 Ribosomal Protein (Ser235/236) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_331679

This polyclonal targets Phospho-S6 Ribosomal Protein (Ser235/236)

View all literature mentions

Phosphoserine antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_307184

This polyclonal targets Phosphoserine antibody

View all literature mentions

Rabbit Anti-P70 S6 Kinase, phospho (Thr421) Phospho thr421, Unconjugated (antibody)

RRID:AB_1217585

This unknown targets Rabbit P70 S6 Kinase phospho (Thr421) Phospho thr421

View all literature mentions

Hep-G2 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0027

Cell line Hep-G2 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

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U-937 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0007

Cell line U-937 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

GraphPad Prism (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002798

Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.

View all literature mentions

ImageJ (software resource)

RRID:SCR_003070

Open source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.

View all literature mentions

HEK293T (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0063

Cell line HEK293T is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

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3T3-L1 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0123

Cell line 3T3-L1 is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus (Mouse)

View all literature mentions

Phospho-mTOR (Ser2481) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2262884

This unknown targets mTOR, phospho (Ser2481)

View all literature mentions

ImageJ (software resource)

RRID:SCR_003070

Open source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.

View all literature mentions

GraphPad Prism (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002798

Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.

View all literature mentions

3T3-L1 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0123

Cell line 3T3-L1 is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus (Mouse)

View all literature mentions

HEK293T (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0063

Cell line HEK293T is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

Hep-G2 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0027

Cell line Hep-G2 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

U-937 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0007

Cell line U-937 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

S6K Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_11019606

This unknown targets S6K

View all literature mentions

S6K Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_11006602

This unknown targets S6K

View all literature mentions

S6K antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_301427

This polyclonal targets S6K

View all literature mentions

Cortactin (H-5) (antibody)

RRID:AB_831187

This monoclonal targets CTTN

View all literature mentions

IARS Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2620943

This unknown targets IARS

View all literature mentions

Human/Mouse/Rat Mind Bomb 1/MIB1 Affinity Purified PAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_11127218

This polyclonal targets Human/Mouse/Rat Mind Bomb 1/MIB1 Affinity Purified PAb

View all literature mentions

His-probe (H-15) (antibody)

RRID:AB_631655

This polyclonal targets His-probe (H-15)

View all literature mentions

Actin (C-11) (antibody)

RRID:AB_630835

This polyclonal targets ACTG1, ACTC1, ACTA1, ACTA2, ACTG2, ACTB

View all literature mentions

Cdk5 (C-8) (antibody)

RRID:AB_631224

This polyclonal targets CDK5

View all literature mentions

Phosphoserine antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_307184

This polyclonal targets Phosphoserine antibody

View all literature mentions

Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_330970

This polyclonal targets Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448)

View all literature mentions

Phospho-eEF2k (Ser366) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2097313

This unknown targets eEF2k, phospho (Ser366)

View all literature mentions

Phospho-eIF4B (Ser422) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2097522

This unknown targets eIF4B, phospho (Ser422)

View all literature mentions

eIF4B Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2293388

This polyclonal targets Eif4b

View all literature mentions

Phospho-S6 Ribosomal Protein (Ser235/236) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_331679

This polyclonal targets Phospho-S6 Ribosomal Protein (Ser235/236)

View all literature mentions

Phospho-p70 S6 Kinase (Ser371) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_330990

This polyclonal targets Phospho-p70 S6 Kinase (Ser371)

View all literature mentions

Rabbit Anti-P70 S6 Kinase, phospho (Thr421) Phospho thr421, Unconjugated (antibody)

RRID:AB_1217585

This unknown targets Rabbit P70 S6 Kinase phospho (Thr421) Phospho thr421

View all literature mentions