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Mitochondria-Derived Vesicles Deliver Antimicrobial Reactive Oxygen Species to Control Phagosome-Localized Staphylococcus aureus.

Cell host & microbe | 2018

Pathogenic bacteria taken up into the macrophage phagosome are the target of many anti-microbial mechanisms. Although mitochondria-derived antimicrobial effectors like reactive oxygen species (mROS) aid in bacterial killing, it is unclear how these effectors reach bacteria within the phagosomal lumen. We show here that endoplasmic reticulum stress triggered upon methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection induces mROS that are delivered to bacteria-containing phagosomes via mitochondria-derived vesicles (MDVs). The endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1α induces mROS, specifically hydrogen peroxide (mH2O2), upon MRSA infection. MRSA infection also stimulates the generation of MDVs, which require the mitochondrial stress response factor Parkin, and contributes to mH2O2 accumulation in bacteria-containing phagosomes. Accumulation of phagosomal H2O2 requires Toll-like receptor signaling and the mitochondrial enzyme superoxide dismutase-2 (Sod2), which is delivered to phagosomes by MDVs. Sod2 depletion compromises mH2O2 production and bacterial killing. Thus, mitochondrial redox capacity enhances macrophage antimicrobial function by delivering mitochondria-derived effector molecules into bacteria-containing phagosomes.

Pubmed ID: 30449314 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

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Associated grants

  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R21 AI101777
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: T32 AI007538
  • Agency: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: T32 HL007517

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Addgene (tool)

RRID:SCR_002037

Non-profit plasmid repository dedicated to helping scientists around the world share high-quality plasmids. Facilitates archiving and distributing DNA-based research reagents and associated data to scientists worldwide. Repository contains over 65,000 plasmids, including special collections on CRISPR, fluorescent proteins, and ready-to-use viral preparations. There is no cost for scientists to deposit plasmids, which saves time and money associated with shipping plasmids themselves. All plasmids are fully sequenced for validation and sequencing data is openly available. We handle the appropriate Material Transfer Agreements (MTA) with institutions, facilitating open exchange and offering intellectual property and liability protection for depositing scientists. Furthermore, we curate free educational resources for the scientific community including a blog, eBooks, video protocols, and detailed molecular biology resources.

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Citrate synthetase antibody (antibody)

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normal rabbit IgG (antibody)

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NFkappaB p65 (F-6) (antibody)

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beta Actin Loading Control Monoclonal Antibody (BA3R) (antibody)

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DRP1 (D6C7) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

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Complex I Immunocapture antibody [18G12BC2] (antibody)

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Mus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.

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FlowJo (software resource)

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Software for single-cell flow cytometry analysis. Its functions include management, display, manipulation, analysis and publication of the data stream produced by flow and mass cytometers.

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ImageJ (software resource)

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GraphPad Prism (software resource)

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Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.

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HEK293T (cell line)

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RAW 264.7 (cell line)

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Microsoft Excel (software resource)

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MetaMorph Microscopy Automation and Image Analysis Software (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002368

Software tool for automated microscope acquisition, device control, and image analysis. Used for integrating dissimilar fluorescent microscope hardware and peripherals into a single custom workstation, while providing all the tools needed to perform analysis of acquired images. Offers user friendly application modules for analysis such as cell signaling, cell counting, and protein expression.

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MetaMorph Microscopy Automation and Image Analysis Software (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002368

Software tool for automated microscope acquisition, device control, and image analysis. Used for integrating dissimilar fluorescent microscope hardware and peripherals into a single custom workstation, while providing all the tools needed to perform analysis of acquired images. Offers user friendly application modules for analysis such as cell signaling, cell counting, and protein expression.

View all literature mentions

GraphPad Prism (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002798

Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.

View all literature mentions

ImageJ (software resource)

RRID:SCR_003070

Open source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.

View all literature mentions

Microsoft Excel (software resource)

RRID:SCR_016137

Software application with data analysis tools and spreadsheet templates to track and visualize data. It is used to manage and process data.

View all literature mentions

FlowJo (software resource)

RRID:SCR_008520

Software for single-cell flow cytometry analysis. Its functions include management, display, manipulation, analysis and publication of the data stream produced by flow and mass cytometers.

View all literature mentions

B6.129S-Cybbtm1Din/J (organism)

RRID:IMSR_JAX:002365

Mus musculus with name B6.129S-Cybbtm1Din/J from IMSR.

View all literature mentions

NCTC clone 929 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0462

Cell line NCTC clone 929 is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus

View all literature mentions

B6.129S4-Pink1tm1Shn/J (organism)

RRID:IMSR_JAX:017946

Mus musculus with name B6.129S4-Pink1tm1Shn/J from IMSR.

View all literature mentions

HEK293T (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0063

Cell line HEK293T is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

RAW 264.7 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0493

Cell line RAW 264.7 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus

View all literature mentions

B6.129S4-Prkntm1Shn/J (organism)

RRID:IMSR_JAX:006582

Mus musculus with name B6.129S4-Prkntm1Shn/J from IMSR.

View all literature mentions

C57BL/6J (organism)

RRID:IMSR_JAX:000664

Mus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.

View all literature mentions

normal rabbit IgG (antibody)

RRID:AB_737197

This unknown targets normal rabbit IgG

View all literature mentions

beta Actin Loading Control Monoclonal Antibody (BA3R) (antibody)

RRID:AB_10979409

This monoclonal targets beta Actin Loading Control

View all literature mentions

DRP1 (D6C7) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_10950498

This monoclonal targets DRP1

View all literature mentions

SOD-2 (FL-222) (antibody)

RRID:AB_661470

This polyclonal targets SOD2

View all literature mentions

GAPDH Antibody (FL-335) (antibody)

RRID:AB_10167668

This polyclonal targets GAPDH

View all literature mentions

IRE1α (14C10) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_823545

This recombinant monoclonal targets IRE1-alpha

View all literature mentions

Complex I Immunocapture antibody [18G12BC2] (antibody)

RRID:AB_10862214

This monoclonal targets Complex I Immunocapture antibody [18G12BC2]

View all literature mentions

Rabbit Anti-MnSOD Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (antibody)

RRID:AB_300434

This polyclonal targets Superoxide Dismutase 2

View all literature mentions

SOD2 antibody [9E2BD2] (antibody)

RRID:AB_10859510

This monoclonal targets SOD2 antibody [9E2BD2]

View all literature mentions

Tom20 (FL-145) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2207533

This polyclonal targets Tom20 (FL-145)

View all literature mentions

Citrate synthetase antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10678258

This polyclonal targets Citrate synthetase antibody

View all literature mentions

NFkappaB p65 (F-6) (antibody)

RRID:AB_628017

This monoclonal targets Genetic locus: RELA (human) mapping to 11q13.1; Rela (mouse) mapping to 19 A.

View all literature mentions