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Leucine Signals to mTORC1 via Its Metabolite Acetyl-Coenzyme A.

Cell metabolism | 2019

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Leucine (Leu) activates mTORC1 and many have tried to identify the mechanisms whereby cells sense Leu in this context. Here we describe that the Leu metabolite acetyl-coenzyme A (AcCoA) positively regulates mTORC1 activity by EP300-mediated acetylation of the mTORC1 regulator, Raptor, at K1097. Leu metabolism and consequent mTORC1 activity are regulated by intermediary enzymes. As AcCoA is a Leu metabolite, this process directly correlates with Leu abundance, and does not require Leu sensing via intermediary proteins, as has been described previously. Importantly, we describe that this pathway regulates mTORC1 in a cell-type-specific manner. Finally, we observed decreased acetylated Raptor, and inhibited mTORC1 and EP300 activity in fasted mice tissues. These results provide a direct mechanism for mTORC1 regulation by Leu metabolism.

Pubmed ID: 30197302 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

Antibodies used in this publication

Associated grants

  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
  • Agency: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: UKDRI-2002
  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
    Id: 095317/Z/11/Z
  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
    Id: 100140/Z/12/Z

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


Addgene (tool)

RRID:SCR_002037

Non-profit plasmid repository dedicated to helping scientists around the world share high-quality plasmids. Facilitates archiving and distributing DNA-based research reagents and associated data to scientists worldwide. Repository contains over 65,000 plasmids, including special collections on CRISPR, fluorescent proteins, and ready-to-use viral preparations. There is no cost for scientists to deposit plasmids, which saves time and money associated with shipping plasmids themselves. All plasmids are fully sequenced for validation and sequencing data is openly available. We handle the appropriate Material Transfer Agreements (MTA) with institutions, facilitating open exchange and offering intellectual property and liability protection for depositing scientists. Furthermore, we curate free educational resources for the scientific community including a blog, eBooks, video protocols, and detailed molecular biology resources.

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Ambion Inc. (tool)

RRID:SCR_008406

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Molecular Probes (tool)

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An Antibody supplier and subset of ThermoFisher Scientific which provides fluorescence reagents for various experiments and methods.

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Microsoft Excel (tool)

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HEK293T (tool)

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C57BL/6J (tool)

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Mus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.

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SH-SY5Y (tool)

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Living Colors Full-length GFP Polyclonal Antibody (antibody)

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This polyclonal targets Full length recombinant GFP

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This polyclonal targets Phospho-ULK1 (Ser757)

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ULK1 (R600) Antibody (antibody)

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This polyclonal targets ULK1

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Phospho-S6 Ribosomal Protein (Ser235/236) (2F9) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

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RagC (D8H5) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

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This monoclonal targets RagC

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RagB (D18F3) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

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RagA (D8B5) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

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PKCα Antibody (antibody)

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p70 S6 Kinase Antibody (antibody)

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This polyclonal targets p70 S6 Kinase

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Anti-c-myc; Mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 9E10), IgG1, & 954; (antibody)

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MCCC1 Antibody (antibody)

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LAMTOR1/C11orf59 (D11H6) XP Rabbit mAb (antibody)

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G L (86B8) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

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HA Epitope Tag Antibody (antibody)

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GAPDH antibody [6C5] (antibody)

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Anti-p300 CT, clone RW128 (antibody)

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EP300-human (antibody)

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4E-BP1 Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_331692

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Acetylated-Lysine Antibody (antibody)

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Phospho-ATP-Citrate Lyase (Ser455) Antibody (antibody)

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ATP-Citrate Lyase Antibody (antibody)

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Atg7 (D12B11) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

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Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (antibody)

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Akt Antibody (antibody)

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GraphPad Prism (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002798

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Software for image processing, analysis, and editing. The software includes features such as touch capabilities, a customizable toolbar, 2D and 3D image merging, and Cloud access and options.

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Volocity 3D Image Analysis Software (software resource)

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Image Studio Lite (software resource)

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THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on September 28,2023. Software application which can analyze basic Western blot data and export them for use in spreadsheet programs. Users can create standardized or custom lab reports and can share them with colleagues. Image Studio Lite has been discontinued and replaced with Empiria Studio Software.

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Fiji (software resource)

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Software package as distribution of ImageJ and ImageJ2 together with Java, Java3D and plugins organized into coherent menu structure. Used to assist research in life sciences.

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MCF-7 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0031

Cell line MCF-7 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

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HeLa (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0030

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GraphPad Prism (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002798

Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.

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Akt Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_329827

This polyclonal targets Akt

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Raptor (N-19) (antibody)

RRID:AB_2130790

This polyclonal targets KIAA1303

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Living Colors Full-length GFP Polyclonal Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2336883

This polyclonal targets Full length recombinant GFP

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Anti-p300 CT, clone RW128 (antibody)

RRID:AB_309670

This monoclonal targets p300 CT

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EP300-human (antibody)

RRID:AB_2616339

This unknown targets EP300

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GAPDH antibody [6C5] (antibody)

RRID:AB_2107448

This monoclonal targets GAPDH antibody [6C5]

View all literature mentions

Acetylated-Lysine Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_331805

This polyclonal targets Acetylated-Lysine

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4E-BP1 Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_331692

This polyclonal targets 4E-BP1

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Acetylated-Lysine (Ac-K2-100) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_10544700

This monoclonal targets Acetylated-Lysine (Ac-K2-100) Rabbit mAb

View all literature mentions

Phospho-ATP-Citrate Lyase (Ser455) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2257987

This polyclonal targets Phospho-ATP-Citrate Lyase (Ser455)

View all literature mentions

Atg7 (D12B11) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_10831194

This monoclonal targets Atg7 (D12B11) Rabbit mAb

View all literature mentions

ATP-Citrate Lyase Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2223744

This polyclonal targets Acly

View all literature mentions

Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_2315049

This monoclonal targets Phospho-Akt (Ser473)

View all literature mentions

Phospho-p70 S6 Kinase (Thr389) (108D2) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_2269803

This monoclonal targets p70 S6 Kinase, phospho (Thr389)

View all literature mentions

Anti-c-myc; Mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 9E10), IgG1, & 954; (antibody)

RRID:AB_390911

This monoclonal targets c-myc; Mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 9E10) IgG1 & 954;

View all literature mentions

p70 S6 Kinase Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_331676

This polyclonal targets p70 S6 Kinase

View all literature mentions

MCCC1 Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_11033675

This unknown targets MCCC1

View all literature mentions

G L (86B8) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_823685

This monoclonal targets G L (86B8) Rabbit mAb

View all literature mentions

LAMTOR1/C11orf59 (D11H6) XP Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_10860252

This monoclonal targets LAMTOR1/C11orf59 (D11H6) XP Rabbit mAb

View all literature mentions

HA Epitope Tag Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10124937

This unknown targets HA Epitope Tag

View all literature mentions

ULK1 (R600) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2288252

This polyclonal targets ULK1

View all literature mentions

Raptor (24C12) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_561245

This monoclonal targets Raptor (24C12) Rabbit mAb

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Phospho-ULK1 (Ser757) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10829226

This polyclonal targets Phospho-ULK1 (Ser757)

View all literature mentions

Anti-α-Tubulin antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_477593

This monoclonal targets α-Tubulin

View all literature mentions

Phospho-S6 Ribosomal Protein (Ser235/236) (2F9) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_2181037

This monoclonal targets S6 Ribosomal Protein, phospho (Ser235 / Ser236)

View all literature mentions

MCF-7 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0031

Cell line MCF-7 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

HeLa (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0030

Cell line HeLa is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens

View all literature mentions

Phospho-mTOR (Ser2481) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2262884

This unknown targets mTOR, phospho (Ser2481)

View all literature mentions

RagA (D8B5) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_10545136

This monoclonal targets RagA (D8B5) Rabbit mAb

View all literature mentions

PKCα Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2284227

This polyclonal targets PKCα

View all literature mentions

Phospho-Raptor (Ser792) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2249475

This polyclonal targets Phospho-Raptor (Ser792)

View all literature mentions

RagC (D8H5) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_10614716

This monoclonal targets RagC

View all literature mentions

RagB (D18F3) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_11178806

This monoclonal targets RagB (D18F3) Rabbit mAb

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