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Individual reports suggest that the central nervous system (CNS) contains multiple immune cell types with diverse roles in tissue homeostasis, immune defense, and neurological diseases. It has been challenging to map leukocytes across the entire brain, and in particular in pathology, where phenotypic changes and influx of blood-derived cells prevent a clear distinction between reactive leukocyte populations. Here, we applied high-dimensional single-cell mass and fluorescence cytometry, in parallel with genetic fate mapping systems, to identify, locate, and characterize multiple distinct immune populations within the mammalian CNS. Using this approach, we revealed that microglia, several subsets of border-associated macrophages and dendritic cells coexist in the CNS at steady state and exhibit disease-specific transformations in the immune microenvironment during aging and in models of Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Together, these data and the described framework provide a resource for the study of disease mechanisms, potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets in CNS disease.
Pubmed ID: 29426702 RIS Download
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Software environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.
View all literature mentionsA cloud-based platform which allows users to analyze, visualize, and archive multiparamter cytometry data for single-cell biology. Multiple single-cell data sets can be analyzed and visualized simultaneously with a variety of graphics, inlcuding Sunburst, SPADE, and viSNE. Users can store and back up related data such as protocols, microscopy images, and presentations and collaborate and share analysis and data sets with other Cytobank users. Cytobank also provides a variety of services and training sessions to assist with experiment workflow.
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View all literature mentionsSoftware as R wrapper for Van der Maaten's Barnes-Hut implementation of t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding. Used for high-dimentional data visualisation.
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