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Germinal centers (GCs) are the primary sites of clonal B cell expansion and affinity maturation, directing the production of high-affinity antibodies. This response is a central driver of pathogenesis in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the natural history of autoreactive GCs remains unclear. Here, we present a novel mouse model where the presence of a single autoreactive B cell clone drives the TLR7-dependent activation, expansion, and differentiation of other autoreactive B cells in spontaneous GCs. Once tolerance was broken for one self-antigen, autoreactive GCs generated B cells targeting other self-antigens. GCs became independent of the initial clone and evolved toward dominance of individual clonal lineages, indicating affinity maturation. This process produced serum autoantibodies to a breadth of self-antigens, leading to antibody deposition in the kidneys. Our data provide insight into the maturation of the self-reactive B cell response, contextualizing the epitope spreading observed in autoimmune disease.
Pubmed ID: 28841417 RIS Download
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Software tool to enable biologists without training in computer vision or programming to quantitatively measure phenotypes from thousands of images automatically. It counts cells and also measures the size, shape, intensity and texture of every cell (and every labeled subcellular compartment) in every image. It was designed for high throughput screening but can perform automated image analysis for images from time-lapse movies and low-throughput experiments. CellProfiler has an increasing number of algorithms to identify and measure properties of neuronal cell types.
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Immunoglobulins
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets mouse IgG2a
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets C57BL/6
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD95 (APO-1/Fas)
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD157
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD31
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD38
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD138
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD21/CD35
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets IgD
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD45.2
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD45.1
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets IgMa
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets IgMb
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD45R
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets GL7
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets B-Phycoerythrin Antibody
View all literature mentionsSoftware environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.
View all literature mentionsOpen source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.
View all literature mentionsTHIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE.Documented on January 4,2023. IgBLAST was developed at NCBI to facilitate analysis of immunoglobulin V region sequences in GenBank. In addition to performing a regular BLAST search, IgBLAST has several additional functions: - Reports the germline V, D and J gene matches to the query sequence. - Annotates the immunoglobulin domains (FWR1 through FWR3). - Matches the returned hits (for databases other than germline genes) to the closest germline V genes, making it easier to identify related sequences. - Reveals the V(D)J junction details such as nucleotide homology between the ends of V(D)J segments and N nucleotide insertions. D and J gene reporting is only for nucleotide sequence search and requires a stretch of five or more nucleotide identity between the query and D or J genes. Sponsors: This resource is supported by the National Center for Biotechnology Information, a division of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
View all literature mentionsCell line HEp-2 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6;129-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(DTA)Mrc/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.Cg-Ndor1Tg(UBC-cre/ERT2)1Ejb/2J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.129S1-Tlr7tm1Flv/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.Cg-Ptprca Tg(UBC-PA-GFP)1Mnz/J from IMSR.
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