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The Mammalian Ribo-interactome Reveals Ribosome Functional Diversity and Heterogeneity.

Cell | 2017

During eukaryotic evolution, ribosomes have considerably increased in size, forming a surface-exposed ribosomal RNA (rRNA) shell of unknown function, which may create an interface for yet uncharacterized interacting proteins. To investigate such protein interactions, we establish a ribosome affinity purification method that unexpectedly identifies hundreds of ribosome-associated proteins (RAPs) from categories including metabolism and cell cycle, as well as RNA- and protein-modifying enzymes that functionally diversify mammalian ribosomes. By further characterizing RAPs, we discover the presence of ufmylation, a metazoan-specific post-translational modification (PTM), on ribosomes and define its direct substrates. Moreover, we show that the metabolic enzyme, pyruvate kinase muscle (PKM), interacts with sub-pools of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated ribosomes, exerting a non-canonical function as an RNA-binding protein in the translation of ER-destined mRNAs. Therefore, RAPs interconnect one of life's most ancient molecular machines with diverse cellular processes, providing an additional layer of regulatory potential to protein expression.

Pubmed ID: 28575669 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

Antibodies used in this publication

Associated grants

  • Agency: NIH HHS, United States
    Id: DP2 OD008509
  • Agency: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 HG004361
  • Agency: NICHD NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 HD086634
  • Agency: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P50 HG007735
  • Agency: NIEHS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 ES023168
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: F30 CA189514
  • Agency: NICHD NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R21 HD086730
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P30 CA124435

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


FASTX-Toolkit (tool)

RRID:SCR_005534

Software tool as collection of command line tools for Short-Reads FASTA/FASTQ files preprocessing.

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GtRNAdb - Genomic tRNA Database (tool)

RRID:SCR_006939

This genomic tRNA database contains tRNA gene predictions made by the program tRNAscan-SE (Lowe & Eddy, Nucl Acids Res 25: 955-964, 1997) on complete or nearly complete genomes. Unless otherwise noted, all annotation is automated, and has not been inspected for agreement with published literature. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) represent the single largest, best-understood class of non-protein coding RNA genes found in all living organisms. By far, the major source of new tRNAs is computational identification of genes within newly sequenced genomes. To organize the rapidly growing collection and enable systematic analyses, we created the Genomic tRNA Database (GtRNAdb). The web resource provides overview statistics of tRNA genes within each analyzed genome, including information by isotype and genetic locus, easily downloadable primary sequences, graphical secondary structures and multiple sequence alignments. Direct links for each gene to UCSC eukaryotic and microbial genome browsers provide graphical display of tRNA genes in the context of all other local genetic information. The database can be searched by primary sequence similarity, tRNA characteristics or phylogenetic group. Inevitably with automated sequence analysis, we find exceptions to general identification rules, isoacceptor type predictions (esp. due to variable post-transcriptional anticodon modification), and questionable tRNA identifications (due to pseudogenes, SINES, or other tRNA-derived elements). We attempt to document all cases we come across, and welcome feedback on new or unrecognized discrepancies.

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SAM format (tool)

RRID:SCR_012093

A generic alignment format for storing read alignments against reference sequences, supporting short and long reads (up to 128 Mbp) produced by different sequencing platforms.

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FastQC (tool)

RRID:SCR_014583

Quality control software that perform checks on raw sequence data coming from high throughput sequencing pipelines. This software also provides a modular set of analyses which can give a quick impression of the quality of the data prior to further analysis.

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Bowtie 2 (tool)

RRID:SCR_016368

Ultrafast and memory efficient tool for aligning sequencing reads to long reference sequences. Supports gapped, local, and paired end alignment modes. More suited to finding longer, gapped alignments in comparison with original Bowtie method.

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STAR (tool)

RRID:SCR_015899

Software performing alignment of high-throughput RNA-seq data. Aligns RNA-seq reads to reference genome using uncompressed suffix arrays.

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Bowtie (tool)

RRID:SCR_005476

Software ultrafast memory efficient tool for aligning sequencing reads. Bowtie is short read aligner.

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STAR (tool)

RRID:SCR_004463

Software performing alignment of high-throughput RNA-seq data. Aligns RNA-seq reads to reference genome using uncompressed suffix arrays.

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Stanford University Vincent Coates Foundation Mass Spectrometry Laboratory Core Facility (tool)

RRID:SCR_017801

Core mass spec and proteomic services include open access lab for trained users with GC/MS, LC/MS, high resolution LC/MS, and MALDI-TOF instruments, help with intact protein analysis, targeted quantitation, drug discovery support, pathway analysis, protein interactions, FFPE tissue analysis, both labeled and label-free proteomics, and more. Please contact SUMS to discuss these and other custom projects including new application development.

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NAA10 Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2687574

This polyclonal targets NAA10

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Anti-Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L11 antibody [OTI3G2] (antibody)

RRID:AB_2687573

This monoclonal targets Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L11

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Anti-RPS17 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2687572

This polyclonal targets RPS17

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Anti-Puromycin Antibody, clone 12D10 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2566826

This monoclonal targets Puromycin from Streptomyces alboniger

View all literature mentions

RPS2 Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_11218192

This unknown targets RPS2

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Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2099233

This polyclonal secondary targets IgG

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Rabbit TrueBlot: Anti-Rabbit IgG HRP - 18-8816-31 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2610847

This monoclonal targets Rabbit TrueBlot: Anti-Rabbit IgG HRP

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Mouse TrueBlot ULTRA: Anti-Mouse Ig HRP - 18-8817-31 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2610850

This monoclonal targets Mouse TrueBlot ULTRA: Anti-Mouse Ig HRP

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MDH2 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10679348

This polyclonal targets MDH2 antibody

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ACOT1 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10672166

This polyclonal targets ACOT1 antibody

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NSUN2 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10693629

This polyclonal targets NSUN2

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HSPA8 (D12F2) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_10831837

This monoclonal targets HSPA8 (D12F2) Rabbit mAb

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USP9X Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_938084

This unknown targets USP9X

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OGT / O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10680015

This polyclonal targets OGT / O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase antibody

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YTHDF1 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2217473

This polyclonal targets YTHDF1

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ZNF622-human (antibody)

RRID:AB_2621324

This unknown targets ZPR9

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MKRN1 Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2142814

This unknown targets MKRN1

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UFM1 antibody [EPR4264(2)] (antibody)

RRID:AB_10864675

This monoclonal targets UFM1 antibody [EPR4264(2)]

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Lin28B antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2135050

This polyclonal targets Lin28B antibody

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SFRS3 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10971360

This polyclonal targets SFRS3 antibody

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PABP (10E10) (antibody)

RRID:AB_628097

This monoclonal targets Human PABPC1

View all literature mentions

MVP/LRP antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2147597

This polyclonal targets MVP/LRP

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alpha Adaptin antibody [AC1-M11] (antibody)

RRID:AB_2056323

This monoclonal targets alpha Adaptin

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Clathrin heavy chain antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2083165

This polyclonal targets Clathrin heavy chain

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RPL7 Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_533451

This unknown targets RPL7

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RPL14/Ribosomal Protein L14 Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2621246

This unknown targets RPL14/Ribosomal Protein L14

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CNOT1 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10888627

This polyclonal targets CNOT1

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Anti-PKM2 (isoform M1) antibody produced in rabbit (antibody)

RRID:AB_10624711

This polyclonal targets PKM2 (isoform M1) antibody produced in rabbit

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Pyruvate Kinase antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10898974

This polyclonal targets Pyruvate Kinase antibody

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PKM1/2 (C103A3) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_2163695

This monoclonal targets Pkm2

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Anti-PKM2 (isoform M1) antibody produced in rabbit (antibody)

RRID:AB_10624711

This polyclonal targets PKM2 (isoform M1) antibody produced in rabbit

View all literature mentions

alpha Adaptin antibody [AC1-M11] (antibody)

RRID:AB_2056323

This monoclonal targets alpha Adaptin

View all literature mentions

CNOT1 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10888627

This polyclonal targets CNOT1

View all literature mentions

Pyruvate Kinase antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10898974

This polyclonal targets Pyruvate Kinase antibody

View all literature mentions

SFRS3 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10971360

This polyclonal targets SFRS3 antibody

View all literature mentions

Lin28B antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2135050

This polyclonal targets Lin28B antibody

View all literature mentions

Clathrin heavy chain antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2083165

This polyclonal targets Clathrin heavy chain

View all literature mentions

RPS2 Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_11218192

This unknown targets RPS2

View all literature mentions

ACOT1 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10672166

This polyclonal targets ACOT1 antibody

View all literature mentions

OGT / O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10680015

This polyclonal targets OGT / O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase antibody

View all literature mentions

UFM1 antibody [EPR4264(2)] (antibody)

RRID:AB_10864675

This monoclonal targets UFM1 antibody [EPR4264(2)]

View all literature mentions

HSPA8 (D12F2) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_10831837

This monoclonal targets HSPA8 (D12F2) Rabbit mAb

View all literature mentions

MDH2 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10679348

This polyclonal targets MDH2 antibody

View all literature mentions

Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2099233

This polyclonal secondary targets IgG

View all literature mentions

NSUN2 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10693629

This polyclonal targets NSUN2

View all literature mentions

PKM1/2 (C103A3) Rabbit mAb (antibody)

RRID:AB_2163695

This monoclonal targets Pkm2

View all literature mentions

Rabbit TrueBlot: Anti-Rabbit IgG HRP - 18-8816-31 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2610847

This monoclonal targets Rabbit TrueBlot: Anti-Rabbit IgG HRP

View all literature mentions

Mouse TrueBlot ULTRA: Anti-Mouse Ig HRP - 18-8817-31 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2610850

This monoclonal targets Mouse TrueBlot ULTRA: Anti-Mouse Ig HRP

View all literature mentions

Anti-Puromycin Antibody, clone 12D10 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2566826

This monoclonal targets Puromycin from Streptomyces alboniger

View all literature mentions

USP9X Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_938084

This unknown targets USP9X

View all literature mentions

YTHDF1 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2217473

This polyclonal targets YTHDF1

View all literature mentions

ZNF622-human (antibody)

RRID:AB_2621324

This unknown targets ZPR9

View all literature mentions

MKRN1 Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2142814

This unknown targets MKRN1

View all literature mentions

PABP (10E10) (antibody)

RRID:AB_628097

This monoclonal targets Human PABPC1

View all literature mentions

MVP/LRP antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2147597

This polyclonal targets MVP/LRP

View all literature mentions

RPL7 Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_533451

This unknown targets RPL7

View all literature mentions

RPL14/Ribosomal Protein L14 Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2621246

This unknown targets RPL14/Ribosomal Protein L14

View all literature mentions