Searching across hundreds of databases

Our searching services are busy right now. Your search will reload in five seconds.

X
Forgot Password

If you have forgotten your password you can enter your email here and get a temporary password sent to your email.

X
Forgot Password

If you have forgotten your password you can enter your email here and get a temporary password sent to your email.

Co-option of an endogenous retrovirus envelope for host defense in hominid ancestors.

eLife | 2017

Endogenous retroviral sequences provide a molecular fossil record of ancient infections whose analysis might illuminate mechanisms of viral extinction. A close relative of gammaretroviruses, HERV-T, circulated in primates for ~25 million years (MY) before apparent extinction within the past ~8 MY. Construction of a near-complete catalog of HERV-T fossils in primate genomes allowed us to estimate a ~32 MY old ancestral sequence and reconstruct a functional envelope protein (ancHTenv) that could support infection of a pseudotyped modern gammaretrovirus. Using ancHTenv, we identify monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT-1) as a receptor used by HERV-T for attachment and infection. A single HERV-T provirus in hominid genomes includes an env gene (hsaHTenv) that has been uniquely preserved. This apparently exapted HERV-T env could not support virion infection but could block ancHTenv mediated infection, by causing MCT-1 depletion from cell surfaces. Thus, hsaHTenv may have contributed to HERV-T extinction, and could also potentially regulate cellular metabolism.

Pubmed ID: 28397686 RIS Download

Associated grants

  • Agency: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: G0801822
  • Agency: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States
  • Agency: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: MC_UU_12014/12
  • Agency: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: MC_UU_12014/10
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R37 AI064003

Publication data is provided by the National Library of Medicine ® and PubMed ®. Data is retrieved from PubMed ® on a weekly schedule. For terms and conditions see the National Library of Medicine Terms and Conditions.

This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


GE Healthcare (tool)

RRID:SCR_000004

A commercial antibody supplier and provider of various services.

View all literature mentions

ATCC (tool)

RRID:SCR_001672

Global nonprofit biological resource center (BRC) and research organization that provides biological products, technical services and educational programs to private industry, government and academic organizations. Its mission is to acquire, authenticate, preserve, develop and distribute biological materials, information, technology, intellectual property and standards for the advancement and application of scientific knowledge. The primary purpose of ATCC is to use its resources and experience as a BRC to become the world leader in standard biological reference materials management, intellectual property resource management and translational research as applied to biomaterial development, standardization and certification. ATCC characterizes cell lines, bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa, as well as develops and evaluates assays and techniques for validating research resources and preserving and distributing biological materials to the public and private sector research communities.

View all literature mentions

Thermo Fisher Scientific (tool)

RRID:SCR_008452

Commercial vendor and service provider of laboratory reagents and antibodies. Supplier of scientific instrumentation, reagents and consumables, and software services.

View all literature mentions

Covance (tool)

RRID:SCR_001224

A contract research organization providing drug development and animal testing services. Under the name Covance Research Products Inc., based in Denver, Pennsylvania, the company also deals in the import, breeding and sale of laboratory animals. It breeds dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, non-human primates, and pigs, and runs the largest non-human primate laboratory in Germany. (Wikipedia)

View all literature mentions

SMART (tool)

RRID:SCR_005026

Software tool for identification and annotation of genetically mobile domains and analysis of domain architectures.

View all literature mentions

NIH AIDS Reagent Program (tool)

RRID:SCR_023191

NIH HIV Reagent Program has been managed under contract by American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) since 2020. ATCC shall maintain the NIH HIV Reagent Program through identification, acquisition, production, receipt, storage, maintenance, distribution and disposal of biological and chemical research organisms and materials for HIV and other infectious diseases for use in basic and translational research.

View all literature mentions

HSP 90 (4F10) (antibody)

RRID:AB_2121191

This monoclonal targets HSP 90 (4F10)

View all literature mentions

MCT1 (H-1) (antibody)

RRID:AB_10841766

This monoclonal targets MCT1 (H-1)

View all literature mentions

Anti-HA EPITOPE TAG (RABBIT) Antibody - 600-401-384 (antibody)

RRID:AB_217929

This polyclonal targets HA EPITOPE TAG Antibody

View all literature mentions

PAML (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014932

Package of programs for phylogenetic analyses of DNA or protein sequences using maximum likelihood. PAML estimates parameters and tests hypotheses to study the evolutionary process from a phylogenetic tree.

View all literature mentions

CV-1 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0229

Cell line CV-1 is a Finite cell line with a species of origin Chlorocebus aethiops

View all literature mentions

K-562 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0004

Cell line K-562 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

UMNSAH/DF-1 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0570

Cell line UMNSAH/DF-1 is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Gallus gallus

View all literature mentions

CHO-K1 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0214

Cell line CHO-K1 is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)

View all literature mentions

MDCK (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0422

Cell line MDCK is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Canis lupus familiaris

View all literature mentions

CRFK (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_2426

Cell line CRFK is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Felis catus (Cat)

View all literature mentions

MRC-5 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0440

Cell line MRC-5 is a Finite cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens

View all literature mentions

Rat2 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0513

Cell line Rat2 is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Rattus norvegicus

View all literature mentions

M. dunni (Clone III8C) (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_9125

Cell line M. dunni (Clone III8C) is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Mus terricolor

View all literature mentions

FRhK-4 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_4522

Cell line FRhK-4 is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque)

View all literature mentions

HT-1080 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0317

Cell line HT-1080 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

HEK293T (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0063

Cell line HEK293T is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

Huh-7.5 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_7927

Cell line Huh-7.5 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

NIH 3T3 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0594

Cell line NIH 3T3 is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus

View all literature mentions

MT-2 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_2631

Cell line MT-2 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens

View all literature mentions

ProP Server (web application)

RRID:SCR_014936

Web application which predicts arginine and lysine propeptide cleavage sites in eukaryotic protein sequences using an ensemble of neural networks. Furin-specific prediction is the default. It is also possible to perform a general proprotein convertase prediction.

View all literature mentions

TMHMM Server (web application)

RRID:SCR_014935

Web application for the prediction of transmembrane helices in proteins using Hidden Markov Models. FASTA formatted sequences can be uploaded via file or copy-paste, and output can be formatted as extensive with graphics, extensive without graphics, or one line per protein. Submissions are limited to 10,000 sequences and 4,000,000 amino acids - each sequence is limited to no more than 8,000 amino acids.

View all literature mentions

Seq-Gen (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014934

Software program that simulates the evolution of nucleotide or amino acid sequences along a phylogeny using common models of the substitution process. A range of models of molecular evolution are implemented, including the general reversible model. State frequencies and other parameters of the model may be given and site-specific rate heterogeneity may also be incorporated in a number of ways. Any number of trees may be read in and the program will produce any number of data sets for each tree.

View all literature mentions

R Project for Statistical Computing (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001905

Software environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.

View all literature mentions

UCSC Genome Browser (data or information resource)

RRID:SCR_005780

Portal to interactively visualize genomic data. Provides reference sequences and working draft assemblies for collection of genomes and access to ENCODE and Neanderthal projects. Includes collection of vertebrate and model organism assemblies and annotations, along with suite of tools for viewing, analyzing and downloading data.

View all literature mentions

Hypermut (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014933

Web application for the analysis and detection of APOBEC-induced hypermutations. The first sequence in the input alignment will be used as the reference sequence, and each of the other sequences will be used as a query sequence.

View all literature mentions

PAUP (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014931

Software which creates phylogenetic trees from molecular, morphological and/or behavioral data through high speed computer analysis.

View all literature mentions

FigTree (data processing software)

RRID:SCR_008515

A graphical viewer of phylogenetic trees and a program for producing publication-ready figures. It is designed to display summarized and annotated trees produced by BEAST.

View all literature mentions

RAxML (software resource)

RRID:SCR_006086

Software program for phylogenetic analyses of large datasets under maximum likelihood.

View all literature mentions

MUSCLE (software resource)

RRID:SCR_011812

Multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity.Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Data analysis service for multiple sequence comparison by log- expectation.

View all literature mentions

RefSeq (data or information resource)

RRID:SCR_003496

Collection of curated, non-redundant genomic DNA, transcript RNA, and protein sequences produced by NCBI. Provides a reference for genome annotation, gene identification and characterization, mutation and polymorphism analysis, expression studies, and comparative analyses. Accessed through the Nucleotide and Protein databases.

View all literature mentions

BLASTX (data analysis service)

RRID:SCR_001653

Web application to search protein databases using a translated nucleotide query. Translated BLAST services are useful when trying to find homologous proteins to a nucleotide coding region. Blastx compares translational products of the nucleotide query sequence to a protein database. Because blastx translates the query sequence in all six reading frames and provides combined significance statistics for hits to different frames, it is particularly useful when the reading frame of the query sequence is unknown or it contains errors that may lead to frame shifts or other coding errors. Thus blastx is often the first analysis performed with a newly determined nucleotide sequence and is used extensively in analyzing EST sequences. This search is more sensitive than nucleotide blast since the comparison is performed at the protein level.

View all literature mentions

BLASTN (data analysis service)

RRID:SCR_001598

Web application to search nucleotide databases using a nucleotide query. Algorithms: blastn, megablast, discontiguous megablast.

View all literature mentions

TBLASTN (service resource)

RRID:SCR_011822

Tool to search translated nucleotide databases using a protein query.

View all literature mentions

PAML (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014932

Package of programs for phylogenetic analyses of DNA or protein sequences using maximum likelihood. PAML estimates parameters and tests hypotheses to study the evolutionary process from a phylogenetic tree.

View all literature mentions