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Planarian Epidermal Stem Cells Respond to Positional Cues to Promote Cell-Type Diversity.

Developmental cell | 2017

Successful regeneration requires that progenitors of different lineages form the appropriate missing cell types. However, simply generating lineages is not enough. Cells produced by a particular lineage often have distinct functions depending on their position within the organism. How this occurs in regeneration is largely unexplored. In planarian regeneration, new cells arise from a proliferative cell population (neoblasts). We used the planarian epidermal lineage to study how the location of adult progenitor cells results in their acquisition of distinct functional identities. Single-cell RNA sequencing of epidermal progenitors revealed the emergence of distinct spatial identities as early in the lineage as the epidermal neoblasts, with further pre-patterning occurring in their post-mitotic migratory progeny. Establishment of dorsal-ventral epidermal identities and functions, in response to BMP signaling, required neoblasts. Our work identified positional signals that activate regionalized transcriptional programs in the stem cell population and subsequently promote cell-type diversity in the epidermis.

Pubmed ID: 28292427 RIS Download

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


NCBI BioProject (tool)

RRID:SCR_004801

Database of biological data related to a single initiative, originating from a single organization or from a consortium. A BioProject record provides users a single place to find links to the diverse data types generated for that project. It is a searchable collection of complete and incomplete (in-progress) large-scale sequencing, assembly, annotation, and mapping projects for cellular organisms. Submissions are supported by a web-based Submission Portal. The database facilitates organization and classification of project data submitted to NCBI, EBI and DDBJ databases that captures descriptive information about research projects that result in high volume submissions to archival databases, ties together related data across multiple archives and serves as a central portal by which to inform users of data availability. BioProject records link to corresponding data stored in archival repositories. The BioProject resource is a redesigned, expanded, replacement of the NCBI Genome Project resource. The redesign adds tracking of several data elements including more precise information about a project''''s scope, material, and objectives. Genome Project identifiers are retained in the BioProject as the ID value for a record, and an Accession number has been added. Database content is exchanged with other members of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). BioProject is accessible via FTP.

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Anti-DNP HRP Conjugate (antibody)

RRID:AB_2629439

This unknown targets DNP

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Sheep Anti-Digoxigenin Fab fragments Antibody, POD Conjugated (antibody)

RRID:AB_514499

This unknown targets Sheep Digoxigenin Fab fragments POD

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Goat Anti-Mouse IgG - H&L Polyclonal Antibody, HRP Conjugated (antibody)

RRID:AB_955439

This polyclonal targets Mouse Mouse IgG secondary - H&L

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Acetylated Tubulin (antibody)

RRID:AB_609894

This monoclonal targets derived from the hybridoma 6-11B-1 produced by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells and splenocytes from a mouse immunized with acetylated tubulin from the outer arm of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (sea urchin).

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ImageJ (software resource)

RRID:SCR_003070

Open source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.

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NCBI BLAST (software resource)

RRID:SCR_004870

Web search tool to find regions of similarity between biological sequences. Program compares nucleotide or protein sequences to sequence databases and calculates statistical significance. Used for identifying homologous sequences.

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PANTHER (data analysis service)

RRID:SCR_004869

System that classifies genes by their functions, using published scientific experimental evidence and evolutionary relationships to predict function even in absence of direct experimental evidence. Orthologs view is curated orthology relationships between genes for human, mouse, rat, fish, worm, and fly.

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RAxML (software resource)

RRID:SCR_006086

Software program for phylogenetic analyses of large datasets under maximum likelihood.

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SEURAT (software resource)

RRID:SCR_007322

A software tool which provides interactive visualization capability for the integrated analysis of high-dimensional gene expression data.

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MAFFT (software resource)

RRID:SCR_011811

Software package as multiple alignment program for amino acid or nucleotide sequences. Can align up to 500 sequences or maximum file size of 1 MB. First version of MAFFT used algorithm based on progressive alignment, in which sequences were clustered with help of Fast Fourier Transform. Subsequent versions have added other algorithms and modes of operation, including options for faster alignment of large numbers of sequences, higher accuracy alignments, alignment of non-coding RNA sequences, and addition of new sequences to existing alignments.

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NovoAlign (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014818

Software tool designed for mapping short reads onto a reference genome generated from Illumina, Ion Torrent, and 454 NGS platforms. Its features include paired end alignment, methylation status analysis, automatic base quality calibration, and in built adapter trimming and base quality trimming.

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BEDTools (software resource)

RRID:SCR_006646

A powerful toolset for genome arithmetic allowing one to address common genomics tasks such as finding feature overlaps and computing coverage. Bedtools allows one to intersect, merge, count, complement, and shuffle genomic intervals from multiple files in widely-used genomic file formats such as BAM, BED, GFF/GTF, VCF. While each individual tool is designed to do a relatively simple task (e.g., intersect two interval files), quite sophisticated analyses can be conducted by combining multiple bedtools operations on the UNIX command line.

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edgeR (software resource)

RRID:SCR_012802

Bioconductor software package for Empirical analysis of Digital Gene Expression data in R. Used for differential expression analysis of RNA-seq and digital gene expression data with biological replication.

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R Project for Statistical Computing (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001905

Software environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.

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