Inhibitory synapses are established during development but continue to be generated and modulated in strength in the mature nervous system. In the spinal cord and brainstem, presynaptically released inhibitory neurotransmitter dominantly switches from GABA to glycine during normal development in vivo. While presynaptic mechanisms of the shift of inhibitory neurotransmission are well investigated, the contribution of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors to this shift is not fully elucidated. Synaptic clustering of glycine receptors (GlyRs) is regulated by activation-dependent depolarization in early development. However, GlyR activation induces hyperpolarization after the first postnatal week, and little is known whether and how presynaptically released glycine regulates postsynaptic receptors in a depolarization-independent manner in mature developmental stage. Here we developed spinal cord neuronal culture of rodents using chronic strychnine application to investigate whether initial activation of GlyRs in mature stage could change postsynaptic localization of GlyRs. Immunocytochemical analyses demonstrate that chronic blockade of GlyR activation until mature developmental stage resulted in smaller clusters of postsynaptic GlyRs that could be enlarged upon receptor activation for 1 h in the mature stage. Furthermore, live cell-imaging techniques show that GlyR activation decreases its lateral diffusion at synapses, and this phenomenon is dependent on PKC, but neither Ca2+ nor CaMKII activity. These results suggest that the GlyR activation can regulate receptor diffusion and cluster size at inhibitory synapses in mature stage, providing not only new insights into the postsynaptic mechanism of shifting inhibitory neurotransmission but also the inhibitory synaptic plasticity in mature nervous system.
Pubmed ID: 28197549 RIS Download
Publication data is provided by the National Library of Medicine ® and PubMed ®. Data is retrieved from PubMed ® on a weekly schedule. For terms and conditions see the National Library of Medicine Terms and Conditions.
A commercial antibody supplier and provider of various services.
View all literature mentionsData analysis, graphing, and management application that allows users to import, manipulate, analyze data, and create customized plots. Plots include x-y probability, histogram, box, percentile, horizontal bar, stack bar, column, stack column, polar, and pie. Binned data can be exported to a histogram, step plot, or spike plot. KaleidaGraph works with Windows and Macintosh systems.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Glycine receptor alpha 1
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Mouse IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets slightly modified β-cytoplasmic actin N-terminal peptide, Ac-Asp-Asp-Asp-Ile-Ala-Ala-Leu-Val-Ile-Asp-Asn-Gly-Ser-Gly-Lys, conjugated to KLH
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Glycine receptor
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Rabbit IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Guinea Pig IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets VGAT (cytoplasmic domain)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets VGAT (cytoplasmic domain)
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool for automated microscope acquisition, device control, and image analysis. Used for integrating dissimilar fluorescent microscope hardware and peripherals into a single custom workstation, while providing all the tools needed to perform analysis of acquired images. Offers user friendly application modules for analysis such as cell signaling, cell counting, and protein expression.
View all literature mentionsOpen source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.
View all literature mentionsThe ImageJ installations below correspond to the WCIF ImageJ manual. The manual is written for this particular installation of ImageJ. This ImageJ installation has, among other plugins, one that links to an online version of the manual. The online manual is more up-to-date than the PDF version. Windows users Download WCIF ImageJ bundle (~23Mb) v1.34i, 3rd March 2005 with J2SE 5.0 (formerly J2SE 1.5). For Windows: download and run program. Mac and Linux users Download your OS specific version of ImageJ from the ImageJ website then extract the following file to the plugins folder. Download WCIF ImageJ bundle plugins only (~2Mb) This contains only the plugins, IJ preferences, LUTs and plugin source code. Image Processing and Analysis Software ImageJ LSM Browser (*.lsm) Axiovision viewer (*.zvi) Manufacturers of our microscopes and related equipment Zeiss - Microscopes and imaging systems. P.A.L.M. Microlaser Technologies - Manufacturer of our laser capture system. Sutter Instruments - Micromanipulators. Uniblitz - Shutters. Ludl - Manufacturers of our motorised x-, y-stage Hamamatsu - Digital cameras. Molecular Probes - Dyes and reagents. Scanalytics - Image acquisition and processing software. MicroBrightField - Developers of the Neurolucida and Stereo Investigator software. DVC - Digital cameras. Bitplane - Developers of the Imaris suite of software. AutoQuant - Developers of the AutoDeblur deconvolution software
View all literature mentionsSoftware suite for electrophysiology data acquisition and analysis by Molecular Devices. Used for the control and recording of voltage clamp, current clamp, and patch clamp experiments. The software suite consists of Clampex 11 Software for data acquisition, AxoScope 11 Software for background recording, Clampfit 11 Software for data analysis, and optional Clampfit Advanced Analysis Module for sophisticated and streamlined analysis.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool for automated microscope acquisition, device control, and image analysis. Used for integrating dissimilar fluorescent microscope hardware and peripherals into a single custom workstation, while providing all the tools needed to perform analysis of acquired images. Offers user friendly application modules for analysis such as cell signaling, cell counting, and protein expression.
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Mouse IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsOpen source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets slightly modified β-cytoplasmic actin N-terminal peptide, Ac-Asp-Asp-Asp-Ile-Ala-Ala-Leu-Val-Ile-Asp-Asn-Gly-Ser-Gly-Lys, conjugated to KLH
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Glycine receptor
View all literature mentionsThe ImageJ installations below correspond to the WCIF ImageJ manual. The manual is written for this particular installation of ImageJ. This ImageJ installation has, among other plugins, one that links to an online version of the manual. The online manual is more up-to-date than the PDF version. Windows users Download WCIF ImageJ bundle (~23Mb) v1.34i, 3rd March 2005 with J2SE 5.0 (formerly J2SE 1.5). For Windows: download and run program. Mac and Linux users Download your OS specific version of ImageJ from the ImageJ website then extract the following file to the plugins folder. Download WCIF ImageJ bundle plugins only (~2Mb) This contains only the plugins, IJ preferences, LUTs and plugin source code. Image Processing and Analysis Software ImageJ LSM Browser (*.lsm) Axiovision viewer (*.zvi) Manufacturers of our microscopes and related equipment Zeiss - Microscopes and imaging systems. P.A.L.M. Microlaser Technologies - Manufacturer of our laser capture system. Sutter Instruments - Micromanipulators. Uniblitz - Shutters. Ludl - Manufacturers of our motorised x-, y-stage Hamamatsu - Digital cameras. Molecular Probes - Dyes and reagents. Scanalytics - Image acquisition and processing software. MicroBrightField - Developers of the Neurolucida and Stereo Investigator software. DVC - Digital cameras. Bitplane - Developers of the Imaris suite of software. AutoQuant - Developers of the AutoDeblur deconvolution software
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Rabbit IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Guinea Pig IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets VGAT (cytoplasmic domain)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets VGAT (cytoplasmic domain)
View all literature mentionsSoftware suite for electrophysiology data acquisition and analysis by Molecular Devices. Used for the control and recording of voltage clamp, current clamp, and patch clamp experiments. The software suite consists of Clampex 11 Software for data acquisition, AxoScope 11 Software for background recording, Clampfit 11 Software for data analysis, and optional Clampfit Advanced Analysis Module for sophisticated and streamlined analysis.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Glycine receptor alpha 1
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Glycine receptor alpha 1
View all literature mentionsSoftware suite for electrophysiology data acquisition and analysis by Molecular Devices. Used for the control and recording of voltage clamp, current clamp, and patch clamp experiments. The software suite consists of Clampex 11 Software for data acquisition, AxoScope 11 Software for background recording, Clampfit 11 Software for data analysis, and optional Clampfit Advanced Analysis Module for sophisticated and streamlined analysis.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Glycine receptor alpha 1
View all literature mentions