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Growth on stiffer substrates impacts animal health and longevity in C. elegans.

Maria Oorloff | Adam Hruby | Maxim Averbukh | Athena Alcala | Naibedya Dutta | Cray Minor | Toni Castro Torres | Darius Moaddeli | Matthew Vega | Juri Kim | Andrew Bong | Aeowynn J Coakley | Daniel Hicks | Jing Wang | Tiffany Wang | Sally Hoang | Kevin M Tharp | Gilberto Garcia | Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
PloS one | 2024

Mechanical stress is a measure of internal resistance exhibited by a body or material when external forces, such as compression, tension, bending, etc. are applied. The study of mechanical stress on health and aging is a continuously growing field, as major changes to the extracellular matrix and cell-to-cell adhesions can result in dramatic changes to tissue stiffness during aging and diseased conditions. For example, during normal aging, many tissues including the ovaries, skin, blood vessels, and heart exhibit increased stiffness, which can result in a significant reduction in function of that organ. As such, numerous model systems have recently emerged to study the impact of mechanical and physical stress on cell and tissue health, including cell-culture conditions with matrigels and other surfaces that alter substrate stiffness and ex vivo tissue models that can apply stress directly to organs like muscle or tendons. Here, we sought to develop a novel method in an in vivo model organism setting to study the impact of altering substrate stiffness on aging by changing the stiffness of solid agar medium used for growth of C. elegans. We found that greater substrate stiffness had limited effects on cellular health, gene expression, organismal health, stress resilience, and longevity. Overall, our study reveals that altering substrate stiffness of growth medium for C. elegans has only mild impact on animal health and longevity; however, these impacts were not nominal and open up important considerations for C. elegans biologists in standardizing agar medium choice for experimental assays.

Pubmed ID: 39264947

Associated grants

  • Agency: NIA NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R25 AG076400
  • Agency: NIA NIH HHS, United States
    Id: T32 AG052374
  • Agency: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P41 HG002223
  • Agency: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: U41 HG002223
  • Agency: NIA NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R00 AG065200
  • Agency: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: U24 HG002223
  • Agency: NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P40 OD010440

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


Fiji (tool)

RRID:SCR_002285

Software package as distribution of ImageJ and ImageJ2 together with Java, Java3D and plugins organized into coherent menu structure. Used to assist research in life sciences.

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DESeq2 (tool)

RRID:SCR_015687

Software package for differential gene expression analysis based on the negative binomial distribution. Used for analyzing RNA-seq data for differential analysis of count data, using shrinkage estimation for dispersions and fold changes to improve stability and interpretability of estimates.

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Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (tool)

RRID:SCR_007341

Center that acquires, maintains, and distributes genetic stocks and information about stocks of the small free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans for use by investigators initiating or continuing research on this genetic model organism. A searchable strain database, general information about C. elegans, and links to key Web sites of use to scientists, including WormBase, WormAtlas, and WormBook are available.

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CL2070 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00005096

Caenorhabditis elegans with name dvIs70. from WB.

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CL2166 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00005102

Caenorhabditis elegans with name dvIs19 [(pAF15)gst-4p::GFP::NLS] III. from WB.

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N2 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00000001

Caenorhabditis elegans with name Caenorhabditis elegans wild isolate. from WB.

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RT258 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00033470

Caenorhabditis elegans with name unc-119(ed3) III; pwIs50. from WB.

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DA2123 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00005592

Caenorhabditis elegans with name adIs2122 from WB.

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