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Defective AMH signaling disrupts GnRH neuron development and function and contributes to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

eLife | 2019

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a condition characterized by absent puberty and infertility due to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency, which is often associated with anosmia (Kallmann syndrome, KS). We identified loss-of-function heterozygous mutations in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor, AMHR2, in 3% of CHH probands using whole-exome sequencing. We showed that during embryonic development, AMH is expressed in migratory GnRH neurons in both mouse and human fetuses and unconvered a novel function of AMH as a pro-motility factor for GnRH neurons. Pathohistological analysis of Amhr2-deficient mice showed abnormal development of the peripheral olfactory system and defective embryonic migration of the neuroendocrine GnRH cells to the basal forebrain, which results in reduced fertility in adults. Our findings highlight a novel role for AMH in the development and function of GnRH neurons and indicate that AMH signaling insufficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of CHH in humans.

Pubmed ID: 31291191 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

Associated grants

  • Agency: Agence Nationale de la Recherche, International
    Id: ANR-14-CE12-0015-01
  • Agency: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, International
    Id: ERC-2016-CoG 725149
  • Agency: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, International
    Id: CTQ2017-87889-P
  • Agency: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, International
    Id: CTQ2017-83745-P
  • Agency: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, International
    Id: H2020-MSCA-IF-2017
  • Agency: Generalitat de Catalunya, International
    Id: 2017SGR1323

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


Applied Biosystems (tool)

RRID:SCR_005039

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PRISM (tool)

RRID:SCR_005375

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Promega (tool)

RRID:SCR_006724

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GraphPad Prism (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002798

Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.

View all literature mentions

UCSF Chimera (data processing software)

RRID:SCR_004097

A highly extensible program for interactive visualization and analysis of molecular structures and related data, including density maps, supramolecular assemblies, sequence alignments, docking results, trajectories, and conformational ensembles. High-quality images and animations can be generated. Chimera includes complete documentation and several tutorials, and can be downloaded free of charge for academic, government, non-profit, and personal use.

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OpenMM (software resource)

RRID:SCR_000436

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View all literature mentions

SnpEff (software resource)

RRID:SCR_005191

Genetic variant annotation and effect prediction software toolbox that annotates and predicts effects of variants on genes (such as amino acid changes). By using standards, such as VCF, SnpEff makes it easy to integrate with other programs.

View all literature mentions

dbNSFP (data or information resource)

RRID:SCR_005178

A database for functional prediction and annotation of all potential non-synonymous single-nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) in the human genome. Version 2.0 is based on the Gencode release 9 / Ensembl version 64 and includes a total of 87,347,043 nsSNVs and 2,270,742 essential splice site SNVs. It compiles prediction scores from six prediction algorithms (SIFT, Polyphen2, LRT, MutationTaster, MutationAssessor and FATHMM), three conservation scores (PhyloP, GERP++ and SiPhy) and other related information including allele frequencies observed in the 1000 Genomes Project phase 1 data and the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, various gene IDs from different databases, functional descriptions of genes, gene expression and gene interaction information, etc. Some dbNSFP contents (may not be up-to-date though) can also be accessed through variant tools, ANNOVAR, KGGSeq, UCSC Genome Browser''s Variant Annotation Integrator, Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor and HGMD.

View all literature mentions

GATK (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001876

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View all literature mentions

Imspector Software (software resource)

RRID:SCR_015249

Software toolkit for data aquisition and analysis. Its features include remote control of Abberior Instruments microscopes via a Python/MATLAB script, third-party compatibility with other data-analysis softwares/methods, and the easyCommander graphical user interface for experimental set up.

View all literature mentions

Adobe Illustrator (software resource)

RRID:SCR_010279

Vector graphics software to create digital graphics, illustrations, and typography for several types of media: print, web, interactive, video, and mobile.

View all literature mentions

ImageJ (software resource)

RRID:SCR_003070

Open source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.

View all literature mentions

Adobe Photoshop (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014199

Software for image processing, analysis, and editing. The software includes features such as touch capabilities, a customizable toolbar, 2D and 3D image merging, and Cloud access and options.

View all literature mentions

BD FACSDiva Software (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001456

A collection of tools for flow cytometer and application setup, data acquisition, and data analysis that help streamline flow cytometry workflows. It provides features to help users integrate flow systems into new application areas, including index sorting for stem cell and single-cell applications, as well as automation protocols for high-throughput and robotic laboratories.

View all literature mentions

Imaris (software resource)

RRID:SCR_007370

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Anti-Peripherin (antibody)

RRID:AB_90725

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View all literature mentions

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RRID:AB_2226485

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View all literature mentions