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Citrullination, the deimination of peptidylarginine residues into peptidylcitrulline, has been implicated in the etiology of several diseases. In multiple sclerosis, citrullination is thought to be a major driver of pathology through hypercitrullination and destabilization of myelin. As such, inhibition of citrullination has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy for MS. Here, in contrast, we show that citrullination by peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) contributes to normal oligodendrocyte differentiation, myelination, and motor function. We identify several targets for PAD2, including myelin and chromatin-related proteins, implicating PAD2 in epigenomic regulation. Accordingly, we observe that PAD2 inhibition and its knockdown affect chromatin accessibility and prevent the upregulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation genes. Moreover, mice lacking PAD2 display motor dysfunction and a decreased number of myelinated axons in the corpus callosum. We conclude that citrullination contributes to proper oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelination.
Pubmed ID: 31018126 RIS Download
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A contract research organization providing drug development and animal testing services. Under the name Covance Research Products Inc., based in Denver, Pennsylvania, the company also deals in the import, breeding and sale of laboratory animals. It breeds dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, non-human primates, and pigs, and runs the largest non-human primate laboratory in Germany. (Wikipedia)
View all literature mentionsOriginal SAMTOOLS package has been split into three separate repositories including Samtools, BCFtools and HTSlib. Samtools for manipulating next generation sequencing data used for reading, writing, editing, indexing,viewing nucleotide alignments in SAM,BAM,CRAM format. BCFtools used for reading, writing BCF2,VCF, gVCF files and calling, filtering, summarising SNP and short indel sequence variants. HTSlib used for reading, writing high throughput sequencing data.
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View all literature mentionsA high-performance visualization tool for interactive exploration of large, integrated genomic datasets.
View all literature mentionsSet of software modules for performing common ChIP-seq data analysis tasks across the whole genome, including positional correlation analysis, peak detection, and genome partitioning into signal-rich and signal-poor regions. The tools are designed to be simple, fast and highly modular. Each program carries out a well defined data processing procedure that can potentially fit into a pipeline framework. ChIP-Seq is also freely available on a Web interface.
View all literature mentionsCollection of pathways and pathway annotations. The core unit of the Reactome data model is the reaction. Entities (nucleic acids, proteins, complexes and small molecules) participating in reactions form a network of biological interactions and are grouped into pathways (signaling, innate and acquired immune function, transcriptional regulation, translation, apoptosis and classical intermediary metabolism) . Provides website to navigate pathway knowledge and a suite of data analysis tools to support the pathway-based analysis of complex experimental and computational data sets.
View all literature mentionsDatabase of known and predicted protein interactions. The interactions include direct (physical) and indirect (functional) associations and are derived from four sources: Genomic Context, High-throughput experiments, (Conserved) Coexpression, and previous knowledge. STRING quantitatively integrates interaction data from these sources for a large number of organisms, and transfers information between these organisms where applicable. The database currently covers 5''214''234 proteins from 1133 organisms. (2013)
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View all literature mentionsAn Organization portal, Antibody supplier, Service resource,
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6NJ from IMSR.
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View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets slightly modified β-cytoplasmic actin N-terminal peptide, Ac-Asp-Asp-Asp-Ile-Ala-Ala-Leu-Val-Ile-Asp-Asn-Gly-Ser-Gly-Lys, conjugated to KLH
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets A2B5
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View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6;SJL-Tg(ACTFLPe)9205Dym/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool to enable biologists without training in computer vision or programming to quantitatively measure phenotypes from thousands of images automatically. It counts cells and also measures the size, shape, intensity and texture of every cell (and every labeled subcellular compartment) in every image. It was designed for high throughput screening but can perform automated image analysis for images from time-lapse movies and low-throughput experiments. CellProfiler has an increasing number of algorithms to identify and measure properties of neuronal cell types.
View all literature mentionsCell line Oli-neu is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus (Mouse)
View all literature mentionsgene symbol note: peptidyl arginine deiminase, type II mutant strain targeted mutation 1a, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute This is a legacy resource.
View all literature mentionsA powerful toolset for genome arithmetic allowing one to address common genomics tasks such as finding feature overlaps and computing coverage. Bedtools allows one to intersect, merge, count, complement, and shuffle genomic intervals from multiple files in widely-used genomic file formats such as BAM, BED, GFF/GTF, VCF. While each individual tool is designed to do a relatively simple task (e.g., intersect two interval files), quite sophisticated analyses can be conducted by combining multiple bedtools operations on the UNIX command line.
View all literature mentionsPython based tools to process, visualize and analyse high-throughput sequencing data, such as ChIP-seq, RNA-seq or MNase-seq. Implemented within Galaxy framework. Used to perform complete bioinformatic workflows ranging from quality controls and normalizations of aligned reads to integrative analyses, including clustering and visualization approaches.
View all literature mentionsSoftware ultrafast memory efficient tool for aligning sequencing reads. Bowtie is short read aligner.
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View all literature mentionsSoftware Python package for identifying transcript factor binding sites. Used to evaluate significance of enriched ChIP regions. Improves spatial resolution of binding sites through combining information of both sequencing tag position and orientation. Can be used for ChIP-Seq data alone, or with control sample with increase of specificity.
View all literature mentionsA set of standalone software programs for the automated processing of any genomic loci, with an emphasis on datasets consisting of ChIP-derived signal peaks. The software is able to identify individual binding / modification sites from enrichment loci, retrieve peak region sequences for motif discovery, and integrate experimental data with different classes of annotated elements throughout the genome. PeakAnalyzer requires a peak file and a feature annotation file in BED or GTF format. Complete annotation files for the current builds of the human (HG19) and mouse (MM9) genomes are provided with the software distribution.
View all literature mentionsJava toolset for working with next generation sequencing data in the BAM format.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package as distribution of ImageJ and ImageJ2 together with Java, Java3D and plugins organized into coherent menu structure. Used to assist research in life sciences.
View all literature mentionsA quantitative proteomics software package for analyzing large-scale mass-spectrometric data sets. It is a set of algorithms that include peak detection and scoring of peptides, mass calibration, database searches for protein identification, protein quantification, and provides summary statistics.
View all literature mentionsStatistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6-Tg(Pdgfra-cre)1Clc/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.129S4-Pdgfratm11(EGFP)Sor/J from IMSR.
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View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name STOCK Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1.1(CAG-EGFP)Fsh/Mmjax from MMRRC.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6N.Cg-Tg(Pdgfra-cre/ERT)467Dbe/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Cnp
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Myelin Basic Protein
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets PADI2
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Cleaved Caspase-3 (Asp175)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Collagen I
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets GFP
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Histone H3 (citrulline R26)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets GFAP
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets GAPDH
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Histone H3 (citrulline 2 + 8 + 17) antibody - ChIP Grade
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Myelin Basic Protein (SMI 99) Purified
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool that removes adapter sequences from DNA sequencing reads.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Myelin Basic Protein (SMI 99) Purified
View all literature mentionsSoftware platform for complex network analysis and visualization. Used for visualization of molecular interaction networks and biological pathways and integrating these networks with annotations, gene expression profiles and other state data.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6N.Cg-Tg(Pdgfra-cre/ERT)467Dbe/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6-Tg(Pdgfra-cre)1Clc/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Mouse IgM
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD140a (PDGFRα)
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.129S4-Pdgfratm11(EGFP)Sor/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets A2B5
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets slightly modified β-cytoplasmic actin N-terminal peptide, Ac-Asp-Asp-Asp-Ile-Ala-Ala-Leu-Val-Ile-Asp-Asn-Gly-Ser-Gly-Lys, conjugated to KLH
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets ChIPAb+ Acetyl-Histone H3 (Lys27)
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool to enable biologists without training in computer vision or programming to quantitatively measure phenotypes from thousands of images automatically. It counts cells and also measures the size, shape, intensity and texture of every cell (and every labeled subcellular compartment) in every image. It was designed for high throughput screening but can perform automated image analysis for images from time-lapse movies and low-throughput experiments. CellProfiler has an increasing number of algorithms to identify and measure properties of neuronal cell types.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6;SJL-Tg(ACTFLPe)9205Dym/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsgene symbol note: peptidyl arginine deiminase, type II mutant strain targeted mutation 1a, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute This is a legacy resource.
View all literature mentionsCell line Oli-neu is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus (Mouse)
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name STOCK Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1.1(CAG-EGFP)Fsh/Mmjax from MMRRC.
View all literature mentionsA set of standalone software programs for the automated processing of any genomic loci, with an emphasis on datasets consisting of ChIP-derived signal peaks. The software is able to identify individual binding / modification sites from enrichment loci, retrieve peak region sequences for motif discovery, and integrate experimental data with different classes of annotated elements throughout the genome. PeakAnalyzer requires a peak file and a feature annotation file in BED or GTF format. Complete annotation files for the current builds of the human (HG19) and mouse (MM9) genomes are provided with the software distribution.
View all literature mentionsSoftware Python package for identifying transcript factor binding sites. Used to evaluate significance of enriched ChIP regions. Improves spatial resolution of binding sites through combining information of both sequencing tag position and orientation. Can be used for ChIP-Seq data alone, or with control sample with increase of specificity.
View all literature mentionsStatistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.
View all literature mentionsA quantitative proteomics software package for analyzing large-scale mass-spectrometric data sets. It is a set of algorithms that include peak detection and scoring of peptides, mass calibration, database searches for protein identification, protein quantification, and provides summary statistics.
View all literature mentionsJava toolset for working with next generation sequencing data in the BAM format.
View all literature mentionsA powerful toolset for genome arithmetic allowing one to address common genomics tasks such as finding feature overlaps and computing coverage. Bedtools allows one to intersect, merge, count, complement, and shuffle genomic intervals from multiple files in widely-used genomic file formats such as BAM, BED, GFF/GTF, VCF. While each individual tool is designed to do a relatively simple task (e.g., intersect two interval files), quite sophisticated analyses can be conducted by combining multiple bedtools operations on the UNIX command line.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package as distribution of ImageJ and ImageJ2 together with Java, Java3D and plugins organized into coherent menu structure. Used to assist research in life sciences.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool that removes adapter sequences from DNA sequencing reads.
View all literature mentionsSoftware ultrafast memory efficient tool for aligning sequencing reads. Bowtie is short read aligner.
View all literature mentionsPython based tools to process, visualize and analyse high-throughput sequencing data, such as ChIP-seq, RNA-seq or MNase-seq. Implemented within Galaxy framework. Used to perform complete bioinformatic workflows ranging from quality controls and normalizations of aligned reads to integrative analyses, including clustering and visualization approaches.
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