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Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are highly heterogeneous and engage in a wide range of diverse functions. Yet, the heterogeneities of their origins and functions remain incompletely defined. Here, we report the identification and characterization of an ectoderm-derived myeloid-like cell, which we refer to as metaphocyte. We show that metaphocytes are highly similar to conventional Langerhans cells (cLCs), the resident macrophages in epidermis, in transcriptome, morphology, and anatomic location. However, unlike cLCs, metaphocytes respond neither to tissue injury nor to bacterial infection but rather sample soluble antigens from external environment through transepithelial protrusions and transfer them to cLCs via apoptosis-phagocytosis axis. This antigen transfer is critical for zebrafish to respond to soluble antigens because the depletion of metaphocytes significantly reduces cLC antigen uptake. Our study documents the existence of ectoderm-derived myeloid-like cells that manifest distinct function from conventional TRMs and opens a new paradigm for investigation of the heterogeneities of resident immune cells.
Pubmed ID: 31006648 RIS Download
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Software package as distribution of ImageJ and ImageJ2 together with Java, Java3D and plugins organized into coherent menu structure. Used to assist research in life sciences.
View all literature mentionsTHIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on May 5,2022.Tool that predicts interactions between transcription factors and their regulated genes from binding motifs. Understanding vertebrate development requires unraveling the cis-regulatory architecture of gene regulation. PRISM provides accurate genome-wide computational predictions of transcription factor binding sites for the human and mouse genomes, and integrates the predictions with GREAT to provide functional biological context. Together, accurate computational binding site prediction and GREAT produce for each transcription factor: 1. putative binding sites, 2. putative target genes, 3. putative biological roles of the transcription factor, and 4. putative cis-regulatory elements through which the factor regulates each target in each functional role.
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Digoxigenin
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View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Mouse IgG (H+L)
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View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Digoxigenin
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View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsOpen source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.
View all literature mentionsSoftware environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.
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