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The existence of axons extending from one retina to the other has been reported during perinatal development in different vertebrates. However, it has been thought that these axons are either a labeling artifact or misprojections. Here, we show unequivocally that a small subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) project to the opposite retina and that the guidance receptor Unc5c, expressed in the retinal region where the retinal-retinal (R-R) RGCs are located, is necessary and sufficient to guide axons to the opposite retina. In addition, Netrin1, an Unc5c ligand, is expressed in the ventral diencephalon in a pattern that is consistent with impeding the growth of Unc5c-positive retinal axons into the brain. We also have generated a mathematical model to explore the formation of retinotopic maps in the presence and absence of a functional connection between both eyes. This model predicts that an R-R connection is required for the bilateral coordination of axonal refinement in species where refinement depends upon spontaneous retinal waves. Consistent with this idea, the retinal expression of Unc5c correlates with the existence and size of an R-R projection in different species and with the extent of axonal refinement in visual targets. These findings demonstrate that active guidance drives the formation of the R-R projection and suggest an important role for these projections in visual mapping to ensure congruent bilateral refinement.
Pubmed ID: 30905607 RIS Download
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View all literature mentionsNon-profit plasmid repository dedicated to helping scientists around the world share high-quality plasmids. Facilitates archiving and distributing DNA-based research reagents and associated data to scientists worldwide. Repository contains over 65,000 plasmids, including special collections on CRISPR, fluorescent proteins, and ready-to-use viral preparations. There is no cost for scientists to deposit plasmids, which saves time and money associated with shipping plasmids themselves. All plasmids are fully sequenced for validation and sequencing data is openly available. We handle the appropriate Material Transfer Agreements (MTA) with institutions, facilitating open exchange and offering intellectual property and liability protection for depositing scientists. Furthermore, we curate free educational resources for the scientific community including a blog, eBooks, video protocols, and detailed molecular biology resources.
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View all literature mentionslaboratory mouse with name B6D2F1 from MGI.
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View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Brn3a (POU-domain protein)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Neuronal Class III beta-Tubulin (TUJ1) Purified
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View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.129S4-Zic2tm1Jaru/JaruRbrc from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsCell line HEK293 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6C3Fe a/a-Unc5crcm/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6C3Fe a/a-Unc5crcm/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.129S4-Zic2tm1Jaru/JaruRbrc from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsCell line HEK293 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Islet-1 & Islet-2 homeobox
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Choline Acetyltransferase
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Brn3a (POU-domain protein)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets beta III Tubulin
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Neuronal Class III beta-Tubulin (TUJ1) Purified
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Human UNC5C
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets slightly modified β-cytoplasmic actin N-terminal peptide, Ac-Asp-Asp-Asp-Ile-Ala-Ala-Leu-Val-Ile-Asp-Asn-Gly-Ser-Gly-Lys, conjugated to KLH
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