Forgot Password

If you have forgotten your password you can enter your email here and get a temporary password sent to your email.

Forgot Password

If you have forgotten your password you can enter your email here and get a temporary password sent to your email.

Publication

Multiple pairs of allelic MLA immune receptor-powdery mildew AVRA effectors argue for a direct recognition mechanism.

eLife | 2019

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing proteins in plants and animals mediate intracellular pathogen sensing. Plant NLRs typically detect strain-specific pathogen effectors and trigger immune responses often linked to localized host cell death. The barley Mla disease resistance locus has undergone extensive functional diversification in the host population and encodes numerous allelic NLRs each detecting a matching isolate-specific avirulence effector (AVRA) of the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh). We report here the isolation of Bgh AVRa7, AVRa9, AVRa10, and AVRa22, which encode small secreted proteins recognized by allelic MLA7, MLA9, MLA10, and MLA22 receptors, respectively. These effectors are sequence-unrelated, except for allelic AVRa10 and AVRa22 that are co-maintained in pathogen populations in the form of a balanced polymorphism. Contrary to numerous examples of indirect recognition of bacterial effectors by plant NLRs, co-expression experiments with matching Mla-AVRa pairs indicate direct detection of the sequence-unrelated fungal effectors by MLA receptors.

Pubmed ID: 30777147 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

Additional research tools detected in this publication

Antibodies used in this publication

Associated grants

Agency: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, International
Id: SFB670
Agency: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, International
Id: Open-access funding
Agency: European Molecular Biology Organization, International
Id: ALTF 368-2016
Agency: Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences, International
Id: CEPLAS 1028
Agency: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, International
Id: SPP1819
Agency: Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences, International
Id: CEPLAS

Publication data is provided by the National Library of Medicine ® and PubMed ®. Data is retrieved from PubMed ® on a weekly schedule. For terms and conditions see the National Library of Medicine Terms and Conditions.

This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.

SAMTOOLS (tool)

RRID:SCR_002105

Original SAMTOOLS package has been split into three separate repositories including Samtools, BCFtools and HTSlib. Samtools for manipulating next generation sequencing data used for reading, writing, editing, indexing,viewing nucleotide alignments in SAM,BAM,CRAM format. BCFtools used for reading, writing BCF2,VCF, gVCF files and calling, filtering, summarising SNP and short indel sequence variants. HTSlib used for reading, writing high throughput sequencing data.

View all literature mentions

SnpEff (tool)

RRID:SCR_005191

Genetic variant annotation and effect prediction software toolbox that annotates and predicts effects of variants on genes (such as amino acid changes). By using standards, such as VCF, SnpEff makes it easy to integrate with other programs.

View all literature mentions

WebApollo: A Web-Based Sequence Annotation Editor for Community Annotation (tool)

RRID:SCR_005321

WebApollo is an extensible web-based sequence annotation editor for community annotation. No software download is required and the annotations are saved to a centralized database with real-time annotation updating. (The edit server mediates annotation changes made by multiple users.) The Web based client uses JBrowse, is fast and highly interactive. WebApollo accesses many types of genomic data including access to public data from UCSC, Ensembl, and GMOD Chado databases. Source code (BSD License) * Client source code: https://github.com/berkeleybop/jbrowse * Annotation editing engine: http://code.google.com/p/apollo-web * Data model and I/O layer: http://code.google.com/p/gbol * Trellis server code: http://code.google.com/p/genomancer

View all literature mentions

Santa Cruz Biotechnology (tool)

RRID:SCR_008987

An Antibody supplier

View all literature mentions

MAFFT (tool)

RRID:SCR_011811

Software package as multiple alignment program for amino acid or nucleotide sequences. Can align up to 500 sequences or maximum file size of 1 MB. First version of MAFFT used algorithm based on progressive alignment, in which sequences were clustered with help of Fast Fourier Transform. Subsequent versions have added other algorithms and modes of operation, including options for faster alignment of large numbers of sequences, higher accuracy alignments, alignment of non-coding RNA sequences, and addition of new sequences to existing alignments.

View all literature mentions

Pilon (tool)

RRID:SCR_014731

Software tool to automatically improve draft assemblies and find variation among strains, including large event detection. FASTA files of genome along with one or more BAM files of reads aligned as input. Read alignment analysis is used to identify inconsistencies between input genome and evidence in reads, then attempts to make improvements to genome.

View all literature mentions

SnpSift (tool)

RRID:SCR_015624

Software toolkit for filtering and manipulating annotated files. After annotation, the software's filter function can find relevant genomic variants in large data files.

View all literature mentions