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Age-related declines in cognitive fitness are associated with a reduction in autophagy, an intracellular lysosomal catabolic process that regulates protein homeostasis and organelle turnover. However, the functional significance of autophagy in regulating cognitive function and its decline during aging remains largely elusive. Here, we show that stimulating memory upregulates autophagy in the hippocampus. Using hippocampal injections of genetic and pharmacological modulators of autophagy, we find that inducing autophagy in hippocampal neurons is required to form novel memory by promoting activity-dependent structural and functional synaptic plasticity, including dendritic spine formation, neuronal facilitation, and long-term potentiation. We show that hippocampal autophagy activity is reduced during aging and that restoring its levels is sufficient to reverse age-related memory deficits. Moreover, we demonstrate that systemic administration of young plasma into aged mice rejuvenates memory in an autophagy-dependent manner, suggesting a prominent role for autophagy to favor the communication between systemic factors and neurons in fostering cognition. Among these youthful factors, we identify osteocalcin, a bone-derived molecule, as a direct hormonal inducer of hippocampal autophagy. Our results reveal that inducing autophagy in hippocampal neurons is a necessary mechanism to enhance the integration of novel stimulations of memory and to promote the influence of systemic factors on cognitive fitness. We also demonstrate the potential therapeutic benefits of modulating autophagy in the aged brain to counteract age-related cognitive impairments.
Pubmed ID: 30661803 RIS Download
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NeuronJ is an ImageJ plugin to facilitate the tracing and quantification of elongated structures in two-dimensional (2D) images (8-bit gray-scale and indexed color), in particular neurites in fluorescence microscopy images. Sponsors: The development of NeuronJ started while the primary developer ( Dr. Erik Meijering, PhD) was with the Biomedical Imaging Group (collaborating with people from the Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology) of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, and was finished while Dr. Meijering was with the Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam in the Netherlands.
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Guinea Pig IgG, whole molecule
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View all literature mentionsA software application which allows reconstruction of neuronal structures from confocal and multi-photon images. NeuronStudio provides tools for manual, semi-manual, and automatic tracing of the dendritic arbor, as well as manual and automatic detection and classification of dendritic spines. Advanced 2D and 3D visualization techniques facilitate the verification of the reconstruction, as well as allowing accurate manual editing. The most current version is Version 0.9.92 which was last updated on November 19, 2009.
View all literature mentionsAn open community platform for bioimage informatics providing the software resources to visualize, annotate and quantify bioimaging data. To bridge the gap between developers and users, it combines: a) an open-source image analysis software, offering a powerful and flexible environment for developers such as applied mathematicians to write algorithms fast and efficiently; b) a common set of tools to view and manipulate data, and a set of plugins to perform specific quantification or analysis on images; c) a community-based website centralizing all plugins and resources to facilitate their management and maximize their visibility towards users. Workspaces are virtual groups of plugins dedicated to a specific application or image processing domain. By downloading a workspace, ICY automatically installs all corresponding plugins. The workspaces are enabled, but the editing section is not ready yet. If you want to publish a plugin on this website, its code has to be GPL. Source code is available and provided in each application download.
View all literature mentionsStatistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.
View all literature mentionsStatistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Goat
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