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Developmental Heterogeneity of Microglia and Brain Myeloid Cells Revealed by Deep Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.

Neuron | 2019

Microglia are increasingly recognized for their major contributions during brain development and neurodegenerative disease. It is currently unknown whether these functions are carried out by subsets of microglia during different stages of development and adulthood or within specific brain regions. Here, we performed deep single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of microglia and related myeloid cells sorted from various regions of embryonic, early postnatal, and adult mouse brains. We found that the majority of adult microglia expressing homeostatic genes are remarkably similar in transcriptomes, regardless of brain region. By contrast, early postnatal microglia are more heterogeneous. We discovered a proliferative-region-associated microglia (PAM) subset, mainly found in developing white matter, that shares a characteristic gene signature with degenerative disease-associated microglia (DAM). Such PAM have amoeboid morphology, are metabolically active, and phagocytose newly formed oligodendrocytes. This scRNA-seq atlas will be a valuable resource for dissecting innate immune functions in health and disease.

Pubmed ID: 30606613 RIS Download

Antibodies used in this publication

Associated grants

  • Agency: NEI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: K99 EY029330
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P30 CA124435
  • Agency: NIDA NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 DA015043
  • Agency: NIMH NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 MH110504

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


PANTHER (tool)

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PANTHER (tool)

RRID:SCR_015893

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Seurat (tool)

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MATLAB (software resource)

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Imaris (software resource)

RRID:SCR_007370

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edgeR (software resource)

RRID:SCR_012802

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View all literature mentions

R Project for Statistical Computing (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001905

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View all literature mentions

Trim Galore (data processing software)

RRID:SCR_011847

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HTSeq (software resource)

RRID:SCR_005514

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View all literature mentions

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STAR (software resource)

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