Microglia are patrolling cells that sense changes in the brain microenvironment and respond acquiring distinct phenotypes that can be either beneficial or detrimental for brain homeostasis. Anti-inflammatory microglia release soluble factors that might promote brain repair; however, in glioma, anti-inflammatory microglia dampen immune response and promote a brain microenvironment that foster tumor growth and invasion. The chemokine CXCL16 is expressed in the brain, where it is neuroprotective against brain ischemia, and it has been found to be over-expressed in glioblastoma (GBM). Considering that CXCL16 specific receptor CXCR6 is diffusely expressed in the brain including in microglia cells, we wanted to investigate the role of CXCL16 in the modulation of microglia cell activity and phenotype, and in the progression of glioma. Here we report that CXCL16 drives microglia polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, also restraining microglia polarization toward an inflammatory phenotype upon LPS and IFNγ stimulation. In the context of glioma, we demonstrate that CXCL16 released by tumor cells is determinant in promoting glioma associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) modulation toward an anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor phenotype, and that cxcr6ko mice, orthotopically implanted into the brain with GL261 glioma cells,survive longer compared to wild-type mice. We also describe that CXCL16/CXCR6 signaling acts directly on mouse glioma cells, as well as human primary GBM cells, promoting tumor cell growth, migration and invasion. All together these data suggest that CXCL16 signaling could represent a good target to modulate microglia phenotype in order to restrain inflammation or to limit glioma progression.
Pubmed ID: 30542347 RIS Download
Publication data is provided by the National Library of Medicine ® and PubMed ®. Data is retrieved from PubMed ® on a weekly schedule. For terms and conditions see the National Library of Medicine Terms and Conditions.
Global nonprofit biological resource center (BRC) and research organization that provides biological products, technical services and educational programs to private industry, government and academic organizations. Its mission is to acquire, authenticate, preserve, develop and distribute biological materials, information, technology, intellectual property and standards for the advancement and application of scientific knowledge. The primary purpose of ATCC is to use its resources and experience as a BRC to become the world leader in standard biological reference materials management, intellectual property resource management and translational research as applied to biomaterial development, standardization and certification. ATCC characterizes cell lines, bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa, as well as develops and evaluates assays and techniques for validating research resources and preserving and distributing biological materials to the public and private sector research communities.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool for automated microscope acquisition, device control, and image analysis. Used for integrating dissimilar fluorescent microscope hardware and peripherals into a single custom workstation, while providing all the tools needed to perform analysis of acquired images. Offers user friendly application modules for analysis such as cell signaling, cell counting, and protein expression.
View all literature mentionsCommercial antibody vendor which supplies antibodies and other products to life science researchers.
View all literature mentionsAn independent, nonprofit organization focused on mammalian genetics research to advance human health. Their mission is to discover the genetic basis for preventing, treating, and curing human disease, and to enable research for the global biomedical community. Jackson Laboratory breeds and manages colonies of mice as resources for other research institutions and laboratories, along with providing software and techniques. Jackson Lab also conducts genetic research and provides educational material for various educational levels.
View all literature mentionsCommercial vendor and service provider of laboratory reagents and antibodies. Supplier of scientific instrumentation, reagents and consumables, and software services.
View all literature mentionsSoftware for single-cell flow cytometry analysis. Its functions include management, display, manipulation, analysis and publication of the data stream produced by flow and mass cytometers.
View all literature mentionsAmerican chemical, life science and biotechnology company owned by Merck KGaA. Merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical Company. Provides organic and inorganic chemicals, building blocks, reagents, advanced materials and stable isotopes for chemical synthesis, medicinal chemistry and materials science, antibiotics, buffers, carbohydrates, enzymes, forensic tools, hematology and histology, nucleotides, proteins, peptides, amino acids and their derivatives.
View all literature mentionsSoftware used for Bio-Rad imaging systems to acquire, quantitate, and analyze a variety of data. The software allows automatic configuration of imaging systems with appropriate filters, lasers, LEDs, and other illumination sources. It also contains tools for automated analysis of tests and assays such as 1-D electrophoretic gels, western blots, and colony counts.
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Hoechst 33342
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD68
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets arginase I (E-2)
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets BrdU
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Iba1
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets IgG from rat serum
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD1d
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Human CXCR6
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Mouse CXCR6
View all literature mentionsCell line NIH 3T3 is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus
View all literature mentionsCell line HFF-1 is a Finite cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line GL261 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus (Mouse)
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsCell line NIH 3T3 is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus
View all literature mentionsCell line HFF-1 is a Finite cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.129P2-Cxcr6tm1Litt/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD68
View all literature mentionsCell line GL261 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus (Mouse)
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD1d
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Iba1
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Human CXCR6
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets IgG from rat serum
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Mouse CXCR6
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets arginase I (E-2)
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets BrdU
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.129P2-Cxcr6tm1Litt/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.129P2-Cxcr6tm1Litt/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
View all literature mentions