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Unveiling the Role of the Most Impactful Cardiovascular Risk Locus through Haplotype Editing.

Cell | 2018

The 9p21.3 cardiovascular disease locus is the most influential common genetic risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), accounting for ∼10%-15% of disease in non-African populations. The ∼60 kb risk haplotype is human-specific and lacks coding genes, hindering efforts to decipher its function. Here, we produce induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from risk and non-risk individuals, delete each haplotype using genome editing, and generate vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Risk VSMCs exhibit globally altered transcriptional networks that intersect with previously identified CAD risk genes and pathways, concomitant with aberrant adhesion, contraction, and proliferation. Unexpectedly, deleting the risk haplotype rescues VSMC stability, while expressing the 9p21.3-associated long non-coding RNA ANRIL induces risk phenotypes in non-risk VSMCs. This study shows that the risk haplotype selectively predisposes VSMCs to adopt a cell state associated with CAD phenotypes, defines new VSMC-based networks of CAD risk genes, and establishes haplotype-edited iPSCs as powerful tools for functionally annotating the human genome.

Pubmed ID: 30528432 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

Additional research tools detected in this publication

Associated grants

  • Agency: NCATS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: UL1 TR001114
  • Agency: NIA NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AG045428
  • Agency: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: U54 GM114833
  • Agency: NCRR NIH HHS, United States
    Id: UL1 RR025774
  • Agency: NIMH NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 MH102698
  • Agency: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: U01 HL107436
  • Agency: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: T32 HL105373
  • Agency: NIDCD NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 DC012592
  • Agency: NIA NIH HHS, United States
    Id: DP1 AG055944
  • Agency: NCATS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: U24 TR002306
  • Agency: NCATS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: UL1 TR002550

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sva package (software resource)

RRID:SCR_012836

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RRID:SCR_015687

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Software Java pipeline for trimming tasks for Illumina paired end and single ended data. Flexible Trimmer for Illumina Sequence Data. Pair aware preprocessing tool optimized for Illumina next generation sequencing data. Includes several processing steps for read trimming and filtering. Operating systems Unix/Linux, Mac OS, Windows.

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RRID:SCR_004869

System that classifies genes by their functions, using published scientific experimental evidence and evolutionary relationships to predict function even in absence of direct experimental evidence. Orthologs view is curated orthology relationships between genes for human, mouse, rat, fish, worm, and fly.

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RRID:SCR_003033

Bioinformatics resource system including web server and web service for functional annotation and enrichment analyses of gene lists. Consists of comprehensive knowledgebase and set of functional analysis tools. Includes gene centered database integrating heterogeneous gene annotation resources to facilitate high throughput gene functional analysis.

View all literature mentions

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RRID:SCR_011793

A high-performance visualization tool for interactive exploration of large, integrated genomic datasets.

View all literature mentions

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RRID:SCR_002368

Software tool for automated microscope acquisition, device control, and image analysis. Used for integrating dissimilar fluorescent microscope hardware and peripherals into a single custom workstation, while providing all the tools needed to perform analysis of acquired images. Offers user friendly application modules for analysis such as cell signaling, cell counting, and protein expression.

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RRID:SCR_005514

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View all literature mentions

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RRID:SCR_001622

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RRID:AB_476840

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RRID:AB_443021

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RRID:AB_650281

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View all literature mentions

ANXA3 Polyclonal Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2759222

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View all literature mentions

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RRID:AB_2119183

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View all literature mentions

Anti-TRA-1-81, clone TRA-1-81 (antibody)

RRID:AB_177638

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View all literature mentions