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Molecular pathway analysis towards understanding tissue vulnerability in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1.

eLife | 2018

The neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) affects the cerebellum and inferior olive, though previous research has focused primarily on the cerebellum. As a result, it is unknown what molecular alterations are present in the inferior olive, and whether these changes are found in other affected tissues. This study addresses these questions for the first time using two different SCA1 mouse models. We found that differentially regulated genes in the inferior olive segregated into several biological pathways. Comparison of the inferior olive and cerebellum demonstrates that vulnerable tissues in SCA1 are not uniform in their gene expression changes, and express largely discrete but some commonly enriched biological pathways. Importantly, we also found that brain-region-specific differences occur early in disease initiation and progression, and they are shared across the two mouse models of SCA1. This suggests different mechanisms of degeneration at work in the inferior olive and cerebellum.

Pubmed ID: 30507379 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

Associated grants

  • Agency: NINDS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 NS083706
  • Agency: NINDS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 NS088321
  • Agency: NINDS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: NS083706
  • Agency: NINDS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: NS088321

Publication data is provided by the National Library of Medicine ® and PubMed ®. Data is retrieved from PubMed ® on a weekly schedule. For terms and conditions see the National Library of Medicine Terms and Conditions.

This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


PRISM (tool)

RRID:SCR_005375

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on May 5,2022.Tool that predicts interactions between transcription factors and their regulated genes from binding motifs. Understanding vertebrate development requires unraveling the cis-regulatory architecture of gene regulation. PRISM provides accurate genome-wide computational predictions of transcription factor binding sites for the human and mouse genomes, and integrates the predictions with GREAT to provide functional biological context. Together, accurate computational binding site prediction and GREAT produce for each transcription factor: 1. putative binding sites, 2. putative target genes, 3. putative biological roles of the transcription factor, and 4. putative cis-regulatory elements through which the factor regulates each target in each functional role.

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KEGG (tool)

RRID:SCR_012773

Integrated database resource consisting of 16 main databases, broadly categorized into systems information, genomic information, and chemical information. In particular, gene catalogs in completely sequenced genomes are linked to higher-level systemic functions of cell, organism, and ecosystem. Analysis tools are also available. KEGG may be used as reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of large-scale datasets generated by sequencing and other high-throughput experimental technologies.

View all literature mentions

Agilent Technologies (tool)

RRID:SCR_013575

Company provides laboratories worldwide with analytical instruments and supplies, clinical and diagnostic testing services, consumables, applications and expertise in life sciences and applied chemical markets.

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C57BL/6J (tool)

RRID:IMSR_JAX:000664

Mus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.

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FVB/NJ (tool)

RRID:IMSR_JAX:001800

Mus musculus with name FVB/NJ from IMSR.

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Anti Iba1, Rabbit antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_839504

This polyclonal targets Iba1

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Chicken Anti-GFAP Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (antibody)

RRID:AB_304558

This polyclonal targets GFAP - Astrocyte Marker

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Monoclonal Anti-GAPDH antibody produced in mouse (antibody)

RRID:AB_1078991

This monoclonal targets GAPDH antibody produced in mouse

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Monoclonal Anti-Calbindin-D-28K antibody produced in mouse (antibody)

RRID:AB_476894

This monoclonal targets Calbindin-D-28K antibody produced in mouse

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Ataxin 1 - 11750 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2721278

This polyclonal targets ATXN1

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Bowtie (software resource)

RRID:SCR_005476

Software ultrafast memory efficient tool for aligning sequencing reads. Bowtie is short read aligner.

View all literature mentions

FastQC (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014583

Quality control software that perform checks on raw sequence data coming from high throughput sequencing pipelines. This software also provides a modular set of analyses which can give a quick impression of the quality of the data prior to further analysis.

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CummeRbund (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014568

Software R package used for simplifying and analyzing Cufflink RNA-Seq output. This program takes various output files from a cuffdiff run and creates a SQLite database of the results that will describe the appropriate relationships between the genes, transcripts, transcription start sites and CDS regions.

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R Project for Statistical Computing (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001905

Software environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.

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MEME Suite - Motif-based sequence analysis tools (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001783

Suite of motif-based sequence analysis tools to discover motifs using MEME, DREME (DNA only) or GLAM2 on groups of related DNA or protein sequences; search sequence databases with motifs using MAST, FIMO, MCAST or GLAM2SCAN; compare a motif to all motifs in a database of motifs; associate motifs with Gene Ontology terms via their putative target genes, and analyze motif enrichment using SpaMo or CentriMo. Source code, binaries and a web server are freely available for noncommercial use.

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BV-2 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0182

Cell line BV-2 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus (Mouse)

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Cytoscape (software resource)

RRID:SCR_003032

Software platform for complex network analysis and visualization. Used for visualization of molecular interaction networks and biological pathways and integrating these networks with annotations, gene expression profiles and other state data.

View all literature mentions

EnrichmentMap (software resource)

RRID:SCR_016052

Source code of a Cytoscape plugin for functional enrichment visualization. It organizes gene-sets, such as pathways and Gene Ontology terms, into a network to reveal which mutually overlapping gene-sets cluster together.

View all literature mentions

ImageJ (software resource)

RRID:SCR_003070

Open source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.

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Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (pathway analysis tool)

RRID:SCR_008653

A web-based software application that enables users to analyze, integrate, and understand data derived from gene expression, microRNA, and SNP microarrays, metabolomics, proteomics, and RNA-Seq experiments, and small-scale experiments that generate gene and chemical lists. Users can search for targeted information on genes, proteins, chemicals, and drugs, and build interactive models of experimental systems. IPA allows exploration of molecular, chemical, gene, protein and miRNA interactions, creation of custom molecular pathways, and the ability to view and modify metabolic, signaling, and toxicological canonical pathways. In addition to the networks and pathways that can be created, IPA can provide multiple layering of additional information, such as drugs, disease genes, expression data, cellular functions and processes, or a researchers own genes or chemicals of interest.

View all literature mentions

DAVID (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001881

Bioinformatics resource system including web server and web service for functional annotation and enrichment analyses of gene lists. Consists of comprehensive knowledgebase and set of functional analysis tools. Includes gene centered database integrating heterogeneous gene annotation resources to facilitate high throughput gene functional analysis.

View all literature mentions

GraphPad Prism (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002798

Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.

View all literature mentions

TopHat (software resource)

RRID:SCR_013035

Software tool for fast and high throughput alignment of shotgun cDNA sequencing reads generated by transcriptomics technologies. Fast splice junction mapper for RNA-Seq reads. Aligns RNA-Seq reads to mammalian-sized genomes using ultra high-throughput short read aligner Bowtie, and then analyzes mapping results to identify splice junctions between exons.TopHat2 is accurate alignment of transcriptomes in presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions.

View all literature mentions

Cufflinks (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014597

Software tool for transcriptome assembly and differential expression analysis for RNA-Seq. Includes script called cuffmerge that can be used to merge together several Cufflinks assemblies. It also handles running Cuffcompare as well as automatically filtering a number of transfrags that are likely to be artifacts. If the researcher has a reference GTF file, the researcher can provide it to the script to more effectively merge novel isoforms and maximize overall assembly quality.

View all literature mentions

GraphPad Prism (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002798

Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.

View all literature mentions

EnrichmentMap (software resource)

RRID:SCR_016052

Source code of a Cytoscape plugin for functional enrichment visualization. It organizes gene-sets, such as pathways and Gene Ontology terms, into a network to reveal which mutually overlapping gene-sets cluster together.

View all literature mentions

MEME Suite - Motif-based sequence analysis tools (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001783

Suite of motif-based sequence analysis tools to discover motifs using MEME, DREME (DNA only) or GLAM2 on groups of related DNA or protein sequences; search sequence databases with motifs using MAST, FIMO, MCAST or GLAM2SCAN; compare a motif to all motifs in a database of motifs; associate motifs with Gene Ontology terms via their putative target genes, and analyze motif enrichment using SpaMo or CentriMo. Source code, binaries and a web server are freely available for noncommercial use.

View all literature mentions

CummeRbund (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014568

Software R package used for simplifying and analyzing Cufflink RNA-Seq output. This program takes various output files from a cuffdiff run and creates a SQLite database of the results that will describe the appropriate relationships between the genes, transcripts, transcription start sites and CDS regions.

View all literature mentions

R Project for Statistical Computing (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001905

Software environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.

View all literature mentions

FastQC (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014583

Quality control software that perform checks on raw sequence data coming from high throughput sequencing pipelines. This software also provides a modular set of analyses which can give a quick impression of the quality of the data prior to further analysis.

View all literature mentions

Cytoscape (software resource)

RRID:SCR_003032

Software platform for complex network analysis and visualization. Used for visualization of molecular interaction networks and biological pathways and integrating these networks with annotations, gene expression profiles and other state data.

View all literature mentions

DAVID (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001881

Bioinformatics resource system including web server and web service for functional annotation and enrichment analyses of gene lists. Consists of comprehensive knowledgebase and set of functional analysis tools. Includes gene centered database integrating heterogeneous gene annotation resources to facilitate high throughput gene functional analysis.

View all literature mentions

Cufflinks (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014597

Software tool for transcriptome assembly and differential expression analysis for RNA-Seq. Includes script called cuffmerge that can be used to merge together several Cufflinks assemblies. It also handles running Cuffcompare as well as automatically filtering a number of transfrags that are likely to be artifacts. If the researcher has a reference GTF file, the researcher can provide it to the script to more effectively merge novel isoforms and maximize overall assembly quality.

View all literature mentions

Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (pathway analysis tool)

RRID:SCR_008653

A web-based software application that enables users to analyze, integrate, and understand data derived from gene expression, microRNA, and SNP microarrays, metabolomics, proteomics, and RNA-Seq experiments, and small-scale experiments that generate gene and chemical lists. Users can search for targeted information on genes, proteins, chemicals, and drugs, and build interactive models of experimental systems. IPA allows exploration of molecular, chemical, gene, protein and miRNA interactions, creation of custom molecular pathways, and the ability to view and modify metabolic, signaling, and toxicological canonical pathways. In addition to the networks and pathways that can be created, IPA can provide multiple layering of additional information, such as drugs, disease genes, expression data, cellular functions and processes, or a researchers own genes or chemicals of interest.

View all literature mentions

TopHat (software resource)

RRID:SCR_013035

Software tool for fast and high throughput alignment of shotgun cDNA sequencing reads generated by transcriptomics technologies. Fast splice junction mapper for RNA-Seq reads. Aligns RNA-Seq reads to mammalian-sized genomes using ultra high-throughput short read aligner Bowtie, and then analyzes mapping results to identify splice junctions between exons.TopHat2 is accurate alignment of transcriptomes in presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions.

View all literature mentions

Bowtie 2 (software resource)

RRID:SCR_016368

Ultrafast and memory efficient tool for aligning sequencing reads to long reference sequences. Supports gapped, local, and paired end alignment modes. More suited to finding longer, gapped alignments in comparison with original Bowtie method.

View all literature mentions

Anti Iba1, Rabbit antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_839504

This polyclonal targets Iba1

View all literature mentions

Chicken Anti-GFAP Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (antibody)

RRID:AB_304558

This polyclonal targets GFAP - Astrocyte Marker

View all literature mentions

Monoclonal Anti-GAPDH antibody produced in mouse (antibody)

RRID:AB_1078991

This monoclonal targets GAPDH antibody produced in mouse

View all literature mentions

BV-2 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0182

Cell line BV-2 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus (Mouse)

View all literature mentions

Monoclonal Anti-Calbindin-D-28K antibody produced in mouse (antibody)

RRID:AB_476894

This monoclonal targets Calbindin-D-28K antibody produced in mouse

View all literature mentions

ImageJ (software resource)

RRID:SCR_003070

Open source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.

View all literature mentions

Ataxin 1 - 11750 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2721278

This polyclonal targets ATXN1

View all literature mentions