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Enhancer Architecture and Essential Core Regulatory Circuitry of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Cancer cell | 2018

Enhancer profiling is a powerful approach for discovering cis-regulatory elements that define the core transcriptional regulatory circuits of normal and malignant cells. Gene control through enhancer activity is often dominated by a subset of lineage-specific transcription factors. By integrating measures of chromatin accessibility and enrichment for H3K27 acetylation, we have generated regulatory landscapes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) samples and representative cell lines. With super enhancer-based modeling of regulatory circuits and assessments of transcription factor dependencies, we discover that the essential super enhancer factor PAX5 dominates CLL regulatory nodes and is essential for CLL cell survival. Targeting enhancer signaling via BET bromodomain inhibition disrupts super enhancer-dependent gene expression with selective effects on CLL core regulatory circuitry, conferring potent anti-tumor activity.

Pubmed ID: 30503705 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

Additional research tools detected in this publication

Associated grants

  • Agency: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 GM107427
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 CA193910
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 CA213442
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P01 CA081534
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P30 CA016058
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: K99 CA190861
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R00 CA190861

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


Addgene (tool)

RRID:SCR_002037

Non-profit plasmid repository dedicated to helping scientists around the world share high-quality plasmids. Facilitates archiving and distributing DNA-based research reagents and associated data to scientists worldwide. Repository contains over 65,000 plasmids, including special collections on CRISPR, fluorescent proteins, and ready-to-use viral preparations. There is no cost for scientists to deposit plasmids, which saves time and money associated with shipping plasmids themselves. All plasmids are fully sequenced for validation and sequencing data is openly available. We handle the appropriate Material Transfer Agreements (MTA) with institutions, facilitating open exchange and offering intellectual property and liability protection for depositing scientists. Furthermore, we curate free educational resources for the scientific community including a blog, eBooks, video protocols, and detailed molecular biology resources.

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Rsubread (tool)

RRID:SCR_016945

Software R package for sequence alignment and counting for R. Used for analyses of second and third generation sequencing data, for read mapping, read counting, SNP calling, short and long read alignment, quantification and mutation discovery. Includes assessment of sequence reads, read alignment, read summarization, exon-exon junction detection, fusion detection, detection of short and long indels, absolute expression calling and SNP calling. Can be used with reads generated from any of the major sequencing platforms including Illumina GA/HiSeq/MiSeq, Roche GS-FLX, ABI SOLiD and LifeTech Ion PGM/Proton sequencers.

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Biostrings (tool)

RRID:SCR_016949

Software package for efficient manipulation of biological strings. Memory efficient string containers, string matching algorithms, and other utilities, for fast manipulation of large biological sequences or sets of sequences.

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MYC-human,MYC-mouse (antibody)

RRID:AB_631276

This polyclonal targets MYC

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CD5 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2737700

This monoclonal targets CD5

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H3K27ac-human (antibody)

RRID:AB_2118291

This polyclonal targets H3K27ac

View all literature mentions

Ikaros Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10952216

This unknown targets Ikaros

View all literature mentions

GraphPad Prism (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002798

Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.

View all literature mentions

OSU-CLL (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_Y382

Cell line OSU-CLL is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

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HG-3 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_Y547

Cell line HG-3 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

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MACS (software resource)

RRID:SCR_013291

Software Python package for identifying transcript factor binding sites. Used to evaluate significance of enriched ChIP regions. Improves spatial resolution of binding sites through combining information of both sequencing tag position and orientation. Can be used for ChIP-Seq data alone, or with control sample with increase of specificity.

View all literature mentions

EDASeq (software resource)

RRID:SCR_006751

Software for numerical and graphical summaries of RNA-Seq read data. Within-lane normalization procedures to adjust for GC-content effect (or other gene-level effects) on read counts: loess robust local regression, global-scaling, and full-quantile normalization (Risso et al., 2011). Between-lane normalization procedures to adjust for distributional differences between lanes (e.g., sequencing depth): global-scaling and full-quantile normalization (Bullard et al., 2010).

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Bowtie 2 (software resource)

RRID:SCR_016368

Ultrafast and memory efficient tool for aligning sequencing reads to long reference sequences. Supports gapped, local, and paired end alignment modes. More suited to finding longer, gapped alignments in comparison with original Bowtie method.

View all literature mentions

MEC-2 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_1871

Cell line MEC-2 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens

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DESeq2 (software resource)

RRID:SCR_015687

Software package for differential gene expression analysis based on the negative binomial distribution. Used for analyzing RNA-seq data for differential analysis of count data, using shrinkage estimation for dispersions and fold changes to improve stability and interpretability of estimates.

View all literature mentions

PCL12 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_2H32

Cell line PCL12 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens

View all literature mentions

MEC-1 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_1870

Cell line MEC-1 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

CII (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0D73

Cell line CII is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

JASPAR (data analysis service)

RRID:SCR_003030

Open source database of curated, non-redundant set of profiles derived from published collections of experimentally defined transcription factor binding sites for multicellular eukaryotes. Consists of open data access, non-redundancy and quality. JASPAR CORE is smaller set that is non-redundant and curated. Collection of transcription factor DNA-binding preferences, modeled as matrices. These can be converted into Position Weight Matrices (PWMs or PSSMs), used for scanning genomic sequences. Web interface for browsing, searching and subset selection, online sequence analysis utility and suite of programming tools for genome-wide and comparative genomic analysis of regulatory regions. New functions include clustering of matrix models by similarity, generation of random matrices by sampling from selected sets of existing models and a language-independent Web Service applications programming interface for matrix retrieval.

View all literature mentions

DESeq2 (software resource)

RRID:SCR_015687

Software package for differential gene expression analysis based on the negative binomial distribution. Used for analyzing RNA-seq data for differential analysis of count data, using shrinkage estimation for dispersions and fold changes to improve stability and interpretability of estimates.

View all literature mentions

MACS (software resource)

RRID:SCR_013291

Software Python package for identifying transcript factor binding sites. Used to evaluate significance of enriched ChIP regions. Improves spatial resolution of binding sites through combining information of both sequencing tag position and orientation. Can be used for ChIP-Seq data alone, or with control sample with increase of specificity.

View all literature mentions

GraphPad Prism (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002798

Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.

View all literature mentions

Bowtie 2 (software resource)

RRID:SCR_016368

Ultrafast and memory efficient tool for aligning sequencing reads to long reference sequences. Supports gapped, local, and paired end alignment modes. More suited to finding longer, gapped alignments in comparison with original Bowtie method.

View all literature mentions

JASPAR (data analysis service)

RRID:SCR_003030

Open source database of curated, non-redundant set of profiles derived from published collections of experimentally defined transcription factor binding sites for multicellular eukaryotes. Consists of open data access, non-redundancy and quality. JASPAR CORE is smaller set that is non-redundant and curated. Collection of transcription factor DNA-binding preferences, modeled as matrices. These can be converted into Position Weight Matrices (PWMs or PSSMs), used for scanning genomic sequences. Web interface for browsing, searching and subset selection, online sequence analysis utility and suite of programming tools for genome-wide and comparative genomic analysis of regulatory regions. New functions include clustering of matrix models by similarity, generation of random matrices by sampling from selected sets of existing models and a language-independent Web Service applications programming interface for matrix retrieval.

View all literature mentions

EDASeq (software resource)

RRID:SCR_006751

Software for numerical and graphical summaries of RNA-Seq read data. Within-lane normalization procedures to adjust for GC-content effect (or other gene-level effects) on read counts: loess robust local regression, global-scaling, and full-quantile normalization (Risso et al., 2011). Between-lane normalization procedures to adjust for distributional differences between lanes (e.g., sequencing depth): global-scaling and full-quantile normalization (Bullard et al., 2010).

View all literature mentions

Ikaros Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_10952216

This unknown targets Ikaros

View all literature mentions

H3K27ac-human (antibody)

RRID:AB_2118291

This polyclonal targets H3K27ac

View all literature mentions

CD5 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2737700

This monoclonal targets CD5

View all literature mentions

HG-3 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_Y547

Cell line HG-3 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

MEC-2 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_1871

Cell line MEC-2 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens

View all literature mentions

CII (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_0D73

Cell line CII is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

MYC-human,MYC-mouse (antibody)

RRID:AB_631276

This polyclonal targets MYC

View all literature mentions

PCL12 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_2H32

Cell line PCL12 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens

View all literature mentions

OSU-CLL (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_Y382

Cell line OSU-CLL is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions

MEC-1 (cell line)

RRID:CVCL_1870

Cell line MEC-1 is a Cancer cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)

View all literature mentions